Introduction to Arduino

Arduino is an open-source software and hardware company, that designs and manufactures single-board microcontrollers and kits to build digital devices. The Board developed by them are termed as Arduino boards that are capable of reading inputs like – dept info using radar, light on a sensor, press of a button, etc. can convert them into an output like activating the led light, motors, buzzers, etc. There are different variants of the Arduino board available in the markets e.g. Nano, Uno, Atmega, etc. each one of them vary in shape and sizes. It also provides a Software IDE for their boards, which helps the developer to program the board in Language, this IDE also gives the liberty to the user to provide input instruction directly from the system.

Types of Arduino

Let’s see a few different types of the board provided by them itself:

Arduino USB: UNO, Duemilanove, Extreme, NG 240
Bluetooth
Serial
Single-Sided Serial
Mega
Lilypad
Nano
Mini
Mini USB Adapter

Arduino software uses Arduino Programming language which is C based to write the code. Since the programming language is C based, the difficulty of writing the program in assembly language is removed. As the software coverts the C based program into assembly code internally and then uploads it to the board. Along with the code editor, the software also consists of a compiler, an uploader, libraries for the peripheral devices.

How Arduino Works?

We will see the working by blinking a small LED.

Components Required: Arduino UNO, LED, Jumper wires, Breadboard and a 1k resistor

Working

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Step 1: Connect the components as per the circuit diagram and then connect Arduino UNO to the system using the USB cable.

Source Link: https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/rowan07/make-a-simple-led-circuit-ce8308

Be sure of the negative terminal of the LED, the shorter leg of the LED near the head indicates the negative terminal.

Step 2: Download Arduino IDE in your system from https://www.arduino.cc/en/software

Step 3: Setup Arduino IDE: Open IDE and go to Tools -> Boards and select Arduino UNO. Then go to Tools -> Ports and select the port at which UNO is connected.

Step 4: Coding the logic: Implementing the LED code is simple. All the code of Arduino consists of majorly two functions:

Code:

void setput(){ } Void loop(){ }

Void setup is called when the Arduino starts and the void loop keeps on iterating in an infinite loop until the power is turned off.

Code to blink the LED is as follows:

Code:

void setup(){ //put your setup code here, to run only once: pinMode(13, OUTPUT); // define pin 13 as the output } void loop(){ // put your main code here, to run in a loop: digitalWrite(13, HIGH); delay (1000); // delay for1s digitalWrite(13, LOW); delay (1000); }

Step 5: Compiling and Uploading: After writing the code you can either click the compile button and then upload it, or you can directly click the upload button, as it will compile the code and it no error is there it will upload it to the Arduino. In our case, if the code uploads successfully then you should get a message like:

If your connection is correct, then you can see your LED blinking ON/OFF at an interval of 1 second.

Features and Applications of Arduino

The features and applications are mentioned below:

Features:

It is opensource both in term of hardware and software
It can perform serial communication with the computer using USB.
It only needs 5V to power up
It can work with Digital and Analog signals, sensors and Actuators.
The recommended input voltage is 7-12V while the operating voltage is 5V for most of the Arduino boards.

Applications:

Following are the few popular application:

For Easy Prototyping
Controlling Motors
Robotics and Control System
Designing Basic Circuit Diagrams
Home and Industry Automation
Standalone Projects

Advantages and Disadvantage

Below are the advantages and disadvantages:

Advantage

Inexpensive: Compared to other microcontrollers platform boards are inexpensive. The least expensive can be handled by hand while the pre-assembled model is less than 50$.
Cross-platform: Most of the microcontrollers are limited to windows while Arduino code can run on Linux, Mac, windows.
Common IDE for all the Arduino Boards: For all the different boards launched by the Arduino we can use Arduino IDE to program and upload the code. There is no need to install any other software.
Opensource: It is published under open-source hardware, so circuit designers can use it to implement their modules.
Large Community Support: Arduino community Is very helpful in resolving queries and providing solutions and codes. There is a large number of projects at Arduino Home which is available free of cost.

Disadvantage

Limited Memory and Processing Power: Arduino is not much powerful when compared to microprocessors like Raspberry pi. So, there can be scenarios where opting for a micro-processor like Raspberry pi is a better option over micro-controller.
Not optimized for specific use: Arduino is meant to fulfill multipurpose. It is more for prototyping projects rather than being used as a specific PCB.
Ease of Use: Yes, ease of use is a disadvantage as well, using it for the electrical project will result in no understanding of the AVR microcontrollers.
The Debugger is not available: The IDE doesn’t have a debugger due to which sometimes it becomes hard to debug long codes.
Internet Connectivity: Connecting the internet is not impossible but its also not easy as it has shields and libraries.

Conclusion

Due to the limit on the size, we didn’t discuss the different types of Arduino boards but even though In this article we saw what is it along with their advantages and disadvantages. We Understood how to write the first code in it. By now you should be confident enough to write the program and use them in your module.

Introduction to Arduino