HTML Tag Reference - The Advansity Portal For Everyone(Affinity Till Infinity)

Tag	Description
<!–…–>	Defines a comment
<!DOCTYPE>	Defines the document type
<a>	Defines a hyperlink
<abbr>	Defines an abbreviation or an acronym
<acronym>	Not supported in HTML5. Use <abbr> instead. Defines an acronym
<address>	Defines contact information for the author/owner of a document
<applet>	Not supported in HTML5. Use <embed> or <object> instead. Defines an embedded applet
<area>	Defines an area inside an image map
<article>	Defines an article
<aside>	Defines content aside from the page content
<audio>	Defines embedded sound content
<b>	Defines bold text
<base>	Specifies the base URL/target for all relative URLs in a document
<basefont>	Not supported in HTML5. Use CSS instead. Specifies a default color, size, and font for all text in a document
<bdi>	Isolates a part of text that might be formatted in a different direction from other text outside it
<bdo>	Overrides the current text direction
<big>	Not supported in HTML5. Use CSS instead. Defines big text
<blockquote>	Defines a section that is quoted from another source
<body>	Defines the document’s body
<br>	Defines a single line break
<button>	Defines a clickable button
<canvas>	Used to draw graphics, on the fly, via scripting (usually JavaScript)
<caption>	Defines a table caption
<center>	Not supported in HTML5. Use CSS instead. Defines centered text
<cite>	Defines the title of a work
<code>	Defines a piece of computer code
<col>	Specifies column properties for each column within a <colgroup> element
<colgroup>	Specifies a group of one or more columns in a table for formatting
<data>	Adds a machine-readable translation of a given content
<datalist>	Specifies a list of pre-defined options for input controls
<dd>	Defines a description/value of a term in a description list
<del>	Defines text that has been deleted from a document
<details>	Defines additional details that the user can view or hide
<dfn>	Specifies a term that is going to be defined within the content
<dialog>	Defines a dialog box or window
<dir>	Not supported in HTML5. Use <ul> instead. Defines a directory list
<div>	Defines a section in a document
<dl>	Defines a description list
<dt>	Defines a term/name in a description list
<em>	Defines emphasized text
<embed>	Defines a container for an external application
<fieldset>	Groups related elements in a form
<figcaption>	Defines a caption for a <figure> element
<figure>	Specifies self-contained content
<font>	Not supported in HTML5. Use CSS instead. Defines font, color, and size for text
<footer>	Defines a footer for a document or section
<form>	Defines an HTML form for user input
<frame>	Not supported in HTML5. Defines a window (a frame) in a frameset
<frameset>	Not supported in HTML5. Defines a set of frames
<h1> to <h6>	Defines HTML headings
<head>	Contains metadata/information for the document
<header>	Defines a header for a document or section
<hr>	Defines a thematic change in the content
<html>	Defines the root of an HTML document
<i>	Defines a part of text in an alternate voice or mood
<iframe>	Defines an inline frame
<img>	Defines an image
<input>	Defines an input control
<ins>	Defines a text that has been inserted into a document
<kbd>	Defines keyboard input
<label>	Defines a label for an <input> element
<legend>	Defines a caption for a <fieldset> element
<li>	Defines a list item
<link>	Defines the relationship between a document and an external resource (most used to link to style sheets)
<main>	Specifies the main content of a document
<map>	Defines an image map
<mark>	Defines marked/highlighted text
<meta>	Defines metadata about an HTML document
<meter>	Defines a scalar measurement within a known range (a gauge)
<nav>	Defines navigation links
<noframes>	Not supported in HTML5. Defines an alternate content for users that do not support frames
<noscript>	Defines an alternate content for users that do not support client-side scripts
<object>	Defines a container for an external application
<ol>	Defines an ordered list
<optgroup>	Defines a group of related options in a drop-down list
<option>	Defines an option in a drop-down list
<output>	Defines the result of a calculation
<p>	Defines a paragraph
<param>	Defines a parameter for an object
<picture>	Defines a container for multiple image resources
<pre>	Defines preformatted text
<progress>	Represents the progress of a task
<q>	Defines a short quotation
<rp>	Defines what to show in browsers that do not support ruby annotations
<rt>	Defines an explanation/pronunciation of characters (for East Asian typography)
<ruby>	Defines a ruby annotation (for East Asian typography)
<s>	Defines text that is no longer correct
<samp>	Defines sample output from a computer program
<script>	Defines a client-side script
<section>	Defines a section in a document
<select>	Defines a drop-down list
<small>	Defines smaller text
<source>	Defines multiple media resources for media elements (<video> and <audio>)
<span>	Defines a section in a document
<strike>	Not supported in HTML5. Use <del> or <s> instead. Defines strikethrough text
<strong>	Defines important text
<style>	Defines style information for a document
<sub>	Defines subscripted text
<summary>	Defines a visible heading for a <details> element
<sup>	Defines superscripted text
<svg>	Defines a container for SVG graphics
<table>	Defines a table
<tbody>	Groups the body content in a table
<td>	Defines a cell in a table
<template>	Defines a container for content that should be hidden when the page loads
<textarea>	Defines a multiline input control (text area)
<tfoot>	Groups the footer content in a table
<th>	Defines a header cell in a table
<thead>	Groups the header content in a table
<time>	Defines a specific time (or datetime)
<title>	Defines a title for the document
<tr>	Defines a row in a table
<track>	Defines text tracks for media elements (<video> and <audio>)
<tt>	Not supported in HTML5. Use CSS instead. Defines teletype text
<u>	Defines some text that is unarticulated and styled differently from normal text
<ul>	Defines an unordered list
<var>	Defines a variable
<video>	Defines embedded video content
<wbr>	Defines a possible line-break

Basic HTML

Tag	Description
<!DOCTYPE>	Defines the document type
<html>	Defines an HTML document
<head>	Contains metadata/information for the document
<title>	Defines a title for the document
<body>	Defines the document’s body
<h1> to <h6>	Defines HTML headings
<p>	Defines a paragraph
<br>	Inserts a single line break
<hr>	Defines a thematic change in the content
<!–…–>	Defines a comment

Formatting

Tag	Description
<acronym>	Not supported in HTML5. Use <abbr> instead. Defines an acronym
<abbr>	Defines an abbreviation or an acronym
<address>	Defines contact information for the author/owner of a document/article
<b>	Defines bold text
<bdi>	Isolates a part of text that might be formatted in a different direction from other text outside it
<bdo>	Overrides the current text direction
<big>	Not supported in HTML5. Use CSS instead. Defines big text
<blockquote>	Defines a section that is quoted from another source
<center>	Not supported in HTML5. Use CSS instead. Defines centered text
<cite>	Defines the title of a work
<code>	Defines a piece of computer code
<del>	Defines text that has been deleted from a document
<dfn>	Specifies a term that is going to be defined within the content
<em>	Defines emphasized text
<font>	Not supported in HTML5. Use CSS instead. Defines font, color, and size for text
<i>	Defines a part of text in an alternate voice or mood
<ins>	Defines a text that has been inserted into a document
<kbd>	Defines keyboard input
<mark>	Defines marked/highlighted text
<meter>	Defines a scalar measurement within a known range (a gauge)
<pre>	Defines preformatted text
<progress>	Represents the progress of a task
<q>	Defines a short quotation
<rp>	Defines what to show in browsers that do not support ruby annotations
<rt>	Defines an explanation/pronunciation of characters (for East Asian typography)
<ruby>	Defines a ruby annotation (for East Asian typography)
<s>	Defines text that is no longer correct
<samp>	Defines sample output from a computer program
<small>	Defines smaller text
<strike>	Not supported in HTML5. Use <del> or <s> instead. Defines strikethrough text
<strong>	Defines important text
<sub>	Defines subscripted text
<sup>	Defines superscripted text
<template>	Defines a container for content that should be hidden when the page loads
<time>	Defines a specific time (or datetime)
<tt>	Not supported in HTML5. Use CSS instead. Defines teletype text
<u>	Defines some text that is unarticulated and styled differently from normal text
<var>	Defines a variable
<wbr>	Defines a possible line-break

Forms and Input

Tag	Description
<form>	Defines an HTML form for user input
<input>	Defines an input control
<textarea>	Defines a multiline input control (text area)
<button>	Defines a clickable button
<select>	Defines a drop-down list
<optgroup>	Defines a group of related options in a drop-down list
<option>	Defines an option in a drop-down list
<label>	Defines a label for an <input> element
<fieldset>	Groups related elements in a form
<legend>	Defines a caption for a <fieldset> element
<datalist>	Specifies a list of pre-defined options for input controls
<output>	Defines the result of a calculation

Frames

Tag	Description
<frame>	Not supported in HTML5. Defines a window (a frame) in a frameset
<frameset>	Not supported in HTML5. Defines a set of frames
<noframes>	Not supported in HTML5. Defines an alternate content for users that do not support frames
<iframe>	Defines an inline frame

Images

Tag	Description
<img>	Defines an image
<map>	Defines a client-side image map
<area>	Defines an area inside an image map
<canvas>	Used to draw graphics, on the fly, via scripting (usually JavaScript)
<figcaption>	Defines a caption for a <figure> element
<figure>	Specifies self-contained content
<picture>	Defines a container for multiple image resources
<svg>	Defines a container for SVG graphics

Audio / Video

Tag	Description
<audio>	Defines sound content
<source>	Defines multiple media resources for media elements (<video>, <audio> and <picture>)
<track>	Defines text tracks for media elements (<video> and <audio>)
<video>	Defines a video or movie

Links

Tag	Description
<a>	Defines a hyperlink
<link>	Defines the relationship between a document and an external resource (most used to link to style sheets)
<nav>	Defines navigation links

Lists

Tag	Description
<ul>	Defines an unordered list
<ol>	Defines an ordered list
<li>	Defines a list item
<dir>	Not supported in HTML5. Use <ul> instead. Defines a directory list
<dl>	Defines a description list
<dt>	Defines a term/name in a description list
<dd>	Defines a description of a term/name in a description list

Tables

Tag	Description
<table>	Defines a table
<caption>	Defines a table caption
<th>	Defines a header cell in a table
<tr>	Defines a row in a table
<td>	Defines a cell in a table
<thead>	Groups the header content in a table
<tbody>	Groups the body content in a table
<tfoot>	Groups the footer content in a table
<col>	Specifies column properties for each column within a <colgroup> element
<colgroup>	Specifies a group of one or more columns in a table for formatting

Styles and Semantics

Tag	Description
<style>	Defines style information for a document
<div>	Defines a section in a document
<span>	Defines a section in a document
<header>	Defines a header for a document or section
<footer>	Defines a footer for a document or section
<main>	Specifies the main content of a document
<section>	Defines a section in a document
<article>	Defines an article
<aside>	Defines content aside from the page content
<details>	Defines additional details that the user can view or hide
<dialog>	Defines a dialog box or window
<summary>	Defines a visible heading for a <details> element
<data>	Adds a machine-readable translation of a given content

Meta Info

Tag	Description
<head>	Defines information about the document
<meta>	Defines metadata about an HTML document
<base>	Specifies the base URL/target for all relative URLs in a document
<basefont>	Not supported in HTML5. Use CSS instead. Specifies a default color, size, and font for all text in a document

Programming

Tag	Description
<script>	Defines a client-side script
<noscript>	Defines an alternate content for users that do not support client-side scripts
<applet>	Not supported in HTML5. Use <embed> or <object> instead. Defines an embedded applet
<embed>	Defines a container for an external (non-HTML) application
<object>	Defines an embedded object
<param>	Defines a parameter for an object

HTML Reference With Browser Support

The table below lists all HTML elements and their attributes, along with browser support:


<a>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
download	14.0	18.0	20.0	10.1	15.0
href	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
hreflang	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
media	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
ping	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes
referrerpolicy	51.0	No	50.0	11.1	38.0
rel	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
target	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
type	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<abbr>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<address>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<area>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
alt	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
coords	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
download	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
href	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
hreflang	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
media	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
referrerpolicy	51.0	No	50.0	11.1	38.0
rel	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
shape	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
target	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
type	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<article>	6.0	9.0	4.0	5.0	11.1


<aside>	6.0	9.0	4.0	5.0	11.1


<audio>	4.0	9.0	3.5	4.0	11.5
autoplay	4.0	9.0	3.5	4.0	11.5
controls	4.0	9.0	3.5	4.0	11.5
loop	4.0	9.0	3.5	4.0	11.5
muted	4.0	10.0	11.0	7.1	11.5
preload	4.0	9.0	4.0	4.0	11.5
src	4.0	9.0	3.5	4.0	11.5


<b>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<base>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
href	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
target	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<bdi>	16.0	79.0	10.0	No	15.0


<bdo>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
dir	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<blockquote>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
cite	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<body>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<br>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<button>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
autofocus	5.0	10.0	4.0	5.0	9.6
disabled	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
form	10.0	16.0	4.0	5.1	9.5
formaction	9.0	10.0	4.0	5.1	15.0
formenctype	9.0	10.0	4.0	5.1	11.5
formmethod	9.0	10.0	4.0	5.1	15.0
formnovalidate	6.0	11.0	4.0	Yes	Yes
formtarget	9.0	10.0	4.0	5.1	10.6
name	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
type	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
value	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<canvas>	4.0	9.0	2.0	3.1	9.0
height	4.0	9.0	2.0	3.1	9.0
width	4.0	9.0	2.0	3.1	9.0


<caption>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<cite>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<code>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<col>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
span	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<colgroup>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
span	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<data>	62.0	13.0	22.0	No	49.0
value	62.0	13.0	22.0	No	49.0


<datalist>	20.0	10.0	4.0	12.1	9.5


<dd>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<del>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
cite	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
datetime	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<details>	12.0	79.0	49.0	6.0	15.0
open	12.0	79.0	49.0	6.0	15.0


<dfn>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<dialog>	37.0	79.0	53.0*	No	24.0
open	37.0	79.0	53.0*	No	24.0

* Not supported by default, but can be enabled in about:config (set dom.dialog_element.enabled to true).


<div>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<dl>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<dt>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<em>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<embed>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
height	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
src	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
type	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
width	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<fieldset>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
disabled	Yes	Yes	Yes	6.0	Yes
form	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
name	Yes	11.0	Yes	Yes	Yes


<figcaption>	8.0	9.0	4.0	5.1	11.0


<figure>	8.0	9.0	4.0	5.1	11.0


<footer>	5.0	9.0	4.0	5.0	11.1


<form>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
accept-charset	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
action	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
autocomplete	Yes	Yes	4.0	5.2	15.0
enctype	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
method	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
name	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
novalidate	Yes	10.0	4.0	10.1	15.0
rel	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
target	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<h1> – <h6>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<head>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<header>	5.0	9.0	4.0	5.0	11.1


<hr>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<html>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
xmlns	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<i>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<iframe>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
allow	60.0	79.0	74.0	11.1	47.0
allowfullscreen	27.0	11.0 -ms-	18.0	7.0	Yes
allowpaymentrequest	No	No	No	No	No
height	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
name	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
referrerpolicy	51.0	79.0	50.0	11.1	38.0
sandbox	4.0	10.0	17.0	5.0	15.0
src	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
srcdoc	20.0	79.0	25.0	6.0	15.0
width	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<img>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
alt	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
crossorigin	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
height	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
ismap	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
loading	77.0	79.0	75.0	No	64.0
longdesc	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
referrerpolicy	51.0	79.0	50.0	11.1	38.0
sizes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
src	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
srcset	34.0	?	38.0	8.0	21.0
usemap	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
width	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<input>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
accept	26.0	10.0	37.0	11.1	15.0
alt	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
autocomplete	17.0	6.0	2.0	5.1	10.0
autofocus	5.0	11.0	4.0	5.0	9.6
checked	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
dirname	Yes	79.0	No	Yes	Yes
disabled	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
form	Yes	Yes	Yes	5.1	10.6
formaction	Yes	10.0	Yes	5.1	10.6
formenctype	Yes	10.0	Yes	5.1	10.6
formmethod	Yes	10.0	Yes	5.1	10.6
formnovalidate	Yes	10.0	Yes	10.1	10.6
formtarget	Yes	10.0	Yes	5.1	10.6
height	Yes	Yes	16.0	Yes	Yes
list	20.0	10.0	4.0	No	9.6
max	5.0	10.0	16.0	5.1	10.6
maxlength	4.0	10.0	4.0	5.1	15.0
min	5.0	10.0	16.0	5.1	10.6
minlength	40.0	17.0	51.0	10.1	27.0
multiple	6.0	10.0	3.6	5.0	11.0
name	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
pattern	5.0	10.0	4.0	10.1	9.6
placeholder	10.0	10.0	4.0	5.0	11.0
readonly	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
required	5.0	10.0	4.0	10.1	9.6
size	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
src	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
step	6.0	10.0	16.0	5.0	10.6
type	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
value	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
width	Yes	Yes	16.0	Yes	Yes


<ins>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
cite	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
datetime	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<kbd>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<label>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
for	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
form	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<legend>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<li>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
value	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<link>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
crossorigin	25.0	79.0	18.0	?	15.0
href	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
hreflang	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
media	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
referrerpolicy	51.0	79.0	50.0	11.1	38.0
rel	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
sizes	No	No	No	No	No
title	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
type	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<main>	26.0	12.0	21.0	7.0	16.0


<map>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
name	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<mark>	6.0	9.0	4.0	5.0	11.1


<meta>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
charset	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
content	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
http_equiv	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
name	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<meter>	8.0	13.0	16.0	6.0	11.5
form	No	No	No	No	No
high	8.0	13.0	16.0	6.0	11.5
low	8.0	13.0	16.0	6.0	11.5
max	8.0	13.0	16.0	6.0	11.5
min	8.0	13.0	16.0	6.0	11.5
optimum	8.0	13.0	16.0	6.0	11.5
value	8.0	13.0	16.0	6.0	11.5


<nav>	5.0	9.0	4.0	5.0	11.1


<noscript>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<object>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
data	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
form	No	No	No	No	No
height	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
name	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
type	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
usemap	No	No	Yes	No	No
width	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<ol>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
reversed	18.0	79.0	18.0	6.0	12.1
start	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
type	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<optgroup>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
disabled	Yes	8.0	Yes	Yes	Yes
label	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<option>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
disabled	Yes	8.0	Yes	Yes	Yes
label	Yes	8.0	No	Yes	Yes
selected	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
value	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<output>	10.0	13.0	4.0	5.1	11.0
for	10.0	13.0	4.0	7.0	11.5
form	No	No	No	No	No
name	10.0	13.0	4.0	7.0	11.5


<p>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<param>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
name	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
value	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<picture>	38.0	13.0	38.0	9.1	25.0


<pre>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<progress>	8.0	10.0	16.0	6.0	11.0
max	8.0	10.0	16.0	6.0	11.0
value	8.0	10.0	16.0	6.0	11.0


<q>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
cite	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<rp>	5.0	5.5	38.0	5.0	15.0


<rt>	5.0	5.5	38.0	5.0	15.0


<ruby>	5.0	5.5	38.0	5.0	15.0


<s>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<samp>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<script>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
async	8.0	10.0	3.6	5.1	15.0
charset	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
crossorigin	30.0	18.0	13.0	13.0	12.1
defer	8.0	10.0	3.5	5.0	15.0
integrity	45.0	17.0	43.0	13.0	66.0
referrerpolicy	70.0	79.0	65.0	Yes	No
src	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
type	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<section>	5.0	9.0	4.0	5.0	11.5


<select>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
autofocus	Yes	10.0	No	Yes	Yes
disabled	Yes	9.0	Yes	Yes	Yes
form	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
multiple	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
name	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
required	Yes	10.0	4.0	Yes	Yes
size	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<slot>	53.0	79.0	63.0	10.0	40.0


<small>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<source>	4.0	9.0	3.5	4.0	10.5
media	38.0	9.0	15.0	9.1	25.0
sizes	38.0	13.0	3.8	9.1	25.0
src	4.0	9.0	3.5	4.0	10.5
srcset	38.0	13.0	38.0	9.1	25.0
type	4.0	9.0	3.5	4.0	10.5


<span>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<strong>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<style>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
media	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
type	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<sub>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<summary>	12.0	79.0	49.0	6.0	15.0


<sup>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<svg>	4.0	9.0	3.0	3.2	10.1


<table>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<tbody>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<td>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
colspan	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
headers	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
rowspan	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<template>	26.0	13.0	22.0	8.0	15.0


<textarea>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
autocomplete	No	No	59.0	13.0	No
autofocus	Yes	10.0	4.0	Yes	Yes
cols	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
dirname	Yes	79.0	No	Yes	Yes
disabled	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
form	Yes	11.0	Yes	Yes	Yes
maxlength	Yes	10.0	4.0	Yes	Yes
minlength	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
name	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
placeholder	Yes	10.0	4.0	5.0	11.5
readonly	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
required	Yes	10.0	4.0	Yes	Yes
rows	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
spellcheck	Yes	11.0	Yes	Yes	Yes
wrap	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<tfoot>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<th>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
abbr	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
colspan	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
headers	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
rowspan	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
scope	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<thead>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<time>	62.0	18.0	22.0	7.0	49.0
datetime	62.0	18.0	22.0	7.0	49.0


<title>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<tr>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<track>	23.0	10.0	31.0	6.0	12.1
default	23.0	10.0	31.0	6.0	12.1
kind	23.0	10.0	31.0	6.0	12.1
label	23.0	10.0	31.0	6.0	12.1
src	23.0	10.0	31.0	6.0	12.1
srclang	23.0	10.0	31.0	6.0	12.1


<u>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<ul>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<var>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes


<video>	4.0	9.0	3.5	3.1	11.5
autoplay	4.0	9.0	3.5	3.1	11.5
controls	4.0	9.0	3.5	3.1	11.5
height	4.0	9.0	3.5	3.1	11.5
loop	4.0	9.0	11.0	3.1	11.5
muted	30.0	10.0	11.0	5.0	Yes
poster	4.0	9.0	3.6	3.1	10.5
preload	4.0	9.0	4.0	3.1	10.5
src	4.0	9.0	3.5	3.1	11.5
width	4.0	9.0	3.5	3.1	11.5


<wbr>	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

HTML Attribute Reference

The table below lists all HTML attributes and what elements they can be used within:

Attribute	Belongs to	Description
accept	<input>	Specifies the types of files that the server accepts (only for type=”file”)
accept-charset	<form>	Specifies the character encodings that are to be used for the form submission
accesskey	Global Attributes	Specifies a shortcut key to activate/focus an element
action	<form>	Specifies where to send the form-data when a form is submitted
align	Not supported in HTML 5.	Specifies the alignment according to surrounding elements. Use CSS instead
alt	<area>, <img>, <input>	Specifies an alternate text when the original element fails to display
async	<script>	Specifies that the script is executed asynchronously (only for external scripts)
autocomplete	<form>, <input>	Specifies whether the <form> or the <input> element should have autocomplete enabled
autofocus	<button>, <input>, <select>, <textarea>	Specifies that the element should automatically get focus when the page loads
autoplay	<audio>, <video>	Specifies that the audio/video will start playing as soon as it is ready
bgcolor	Not supported in HTML 5.	Specifies the background color of an element. Use CSS instead
border	Not supported in HTML 5.	Specifies the width of the border of an element. Use CSS instead
charset	<meta>, <script>	Specifies the character encoding
checked	<input>	Specifies that an <input> element should be pre-selected when the page loads (for type=”checkbox” or type=”radio”)
cite	<blockquote>, <del>, <ins>, <q>	Specifies a URL which explains the quote/deleted/inserted text
class	Global Attributes	Specifies one or more classnames for an element (refers to a class in a style sheet)
color	Not supported in HTML 5.	Specifies the text color of an element. Use CSS instead
cols	<textarea>	Specifies the visible width of a text area
colspan	<td>, <th>	Specifies the number of columns a table cell should span
content	<meta>	Gives the value associated with the http-equiv or name attribute
contenteditable	Global Attributes	Specifies whether the content of an element is editable or not
controls	<audio>, <video>	Specifies that audio/video controls should be displayed (such as a play/pause button etc)
coords	<area>	Specifies the coordinates of the area
data	<object>	Specifies the URL of the resource to be used by the object
data-*	Global Attributes	Used to store custom data private to the page or application
datetime	<del>, <ins>, <time>	Specifies the date and time
default	<track>	Specifies that the track is to be enabled if the user’s preferences do not indicate that another track would be more appropriate
defer	<script>	Specifies that the script is executed when the page has finished parsing (only for external scripts)
dir	Global Attributes	Specifies the text direction for the content in an element
dirname	<input>, <textarea>	Specifies that the text direction will be submitted
disabled	<button>, <fieldset>, <input>, <optgroup>, <option>, <select>, <textarea>	Specifies that the specified element/group of elements should be disabled
download	<a>, <area>	Specifies that the target will be downloaded when a user clicks on the hyperlink
draggable	Global Attributes	Specifies whether an element is draggable or not
enctype	<form>	Specifies how the form-data should be encoded when submitting it to the server (only for method=”post”)
for	<label>, <output>	Specifies which form element(s) a label/calculation is bound to
form	<button>, <fieldset>, <input>, <label>, <meter>, <object>, <output>, <select>, <textarea>	Specifies the name of the form the element belongs to
formaction	<button>, <input>	Specifies where to send the form-data when a form is submitted. Only for type=”submit”
headers	<td>, <th>	Specifies one or more headers cells a cell is related to
height	<canvas>, <embed>, <iframe>, <img>, <input>, <object>, <video>	Specifies the height of the element
hidden	Global Attributes	Specifies that an element is not yet, or is no longer, relevant
high	<meter>	Specifies the range that is considered to be a high value
href	<a>, <area>, <base>, <link>	Specifies the URL of the page the link goes to
hreflang	<a>, <area>, <link>	Specifies the language of the linked document
http-equiv	<meta>	Provides an HTTP header for the information/value of the content attribute
id	Global Attributes	Specifies a unique id for an element
ismap	<img>	Specifies an image as a server-side image map
kind	<track>	Specifies the kind of text track
label	<track>, <option>, <optgroup>	Specifies the title of the text track
lang	Global Attributes	Specifies the language of the element’s content
list	<input>	Refers to a <datalist> element that contains pre-defined options for an <input> element
loop	<audio>, <video>	Specifies that the audio/video will start over again, every time it is finished
low	<meter>	Specifies the range that is considered to be a low value
max	<input>, <meter>, <progress>	Specifies the maximum value
maxlength	<input>, <textarea>	Specifies the maximum number of characters allowed in an element
media	<a>, <area>, <link>, <source>, <style>	Specifies what media/device the linked document is optimized for
method	<form>	Specifies the HTTP method to use when sending form-data
min	<input>, <meter>	Specifies a minimum value
multiple	<input>, <select>	Specifies that a user can enter more than one value
muted	<video>, <audio>	Specifies that the audio output of the video should be muted
name	<button>, <fieldset>, <form>, <iframe>, <input>, <map>, <meta>, <object>, <output>, <param>, <select>, <textarea>	Specifies the name of the element
novalidate	<form>	Specifies that the form should not be validated when submitted
onabort	<audio>, <embed>, <img>, <object>, <video>	Script to be run on abort
onafterprint	<body>	Script to be run after the document is printed
onbeforeprint	<body>	Script to be run before the document is printed
onbeforeunload	<body>	Script to be run when the document is about to be unloaded
onblur	All visible elements.	Script to be run when the element loses focus
oncanplay	<audio>, <embed>, <object>, <video>	Script to be run when a file is ready to start playing (when it has buffered enough to begin)
oncanplaythrough	<audio>, <video>	Script to be run when a file can be played all the way to the end without pausing for buffering
onchange	All visible elements.	Script to be run when the value of the element is changed
onclick	All visible elements.	Script to be run when the element is being clicked
oncontextmenu	All visible elements.	Script to be run when a context menu is triggered
oncopy	All visible elements.	Script to be run when the content of the element is being copied
oncuechange	<track>	Script to be run when the cue changes in a <track> element
oncut	All visible elements.	Script to be run when the content of the element is being cut
ondblclick	All visible elements.	Script to be run when the element is being double-clicked
ondrag	All visible elements.	Script to be run when the element is being dragged
ondragend	All visible elements.	Script to be run at the end of a drag operation
ondragenter	All visible elements.	Script to be run when an element has been dragged to a valid drop target
ondragleave	All visible elements.	Script to be run when an element leaves a valid drop target
ondragover	All visible elements.	Script to be run when an element is being dragged over a valid drop target
ondragstart	All visible elements.	Script to be run at the start of a drag operation
ondrop	All visible elements.	Script to be run when dragged element is being dropped
ondurationchange	<audio>, <video>	Script to be run when the length of the media changes
onemptied	<audio>, <video>	Script to be run when something bad happens and the file is suddenly unavailable (like unexpectedly disconnects)
onended	<audio>, <video>	Script to be run when the media has reach the end (a useful event for messages like “thanks for listening”)
onerror	<audio>, <body>, <embed>, <img>, <object>, <script>, <style>, <video>	Script to be run when an error occurs
onfocus	All visible elements.	Script to be run when the element gets focus
onhashchange	<body>	Script to be run when there has been changes to the anchor part of the a URL
oninput	All visible elements.	Script to be run when the element gets user input
oninvalid	All visible elements.	Script to be run when the element is invalid
onkeydown	All visible elements.	Script to be run when a user is pressing a key
onkeypress	All visible elements.	Script to be run when a user presses a key
onkeyup	All visible elements.	Script to be run when a user releases a key
onload	<body>, <iframe>, <img>, <input>, <link>, <script>, <style>	Script to be run when the element is finished loading
onloadeddata	<audio>, <video>	Script to be run when media data is loaded
onloadedmetadata	<audio>, <video>	Script to be run when meta data (like dimensions and duration) are loaded
onloadstart	<audio>, <video>	Script to be run just as the file begins to load before anything is actually loaded
onmousedown	All visible elements.	Script to be run when a mouse button is pressed down on an element
onmousemove	All visible elements.	Script to be run as long as the mouse pointer is moving over an element
onmouseout	All visible elements.	Script to be run when a mouse pointer moves out of an element
onmouseover	All visible elements.	Script to be run when a mouse pointer moves over an element
onmouseup	All visible elements.	Script to be run when a mouse button is released over an element
onmousewheel	All visible elements.	Script to be run when a mouse wheel is being scrolled over an element
onoffline	<body>	Script to be run when the browser starts to work offline
ononline	<body>	Script to be run when the browser starts to work online
onpagehide	<body>	Script to be run when a user navigates away from a page
onpageshow	<body>	Script to be run when a user navigates to a page
onpaste	All visible elements.	Script to be run when the user pastes some content in an element
onpause	<audio>, <video>	Script to be run when the media is paused either by the user or programmatically
onplay	<audio>, <video>	Script to be run when the media has started playing
onplaying	<audio>, <video>	Script to be run when the media has started playing
onpopstate	<body>	Script to be run when the window’s history changes.
onprogress	<audio>, <video>	Script to be run when the browser is in the process of getting the media data
onratechange	<audio>, <video>	Script to be run each time the playback rate changes (like when a user switches to a slow motion or fast forward mode).
onreset	<form>	Script to be run when a reset button in a form is clicked.
onresize	<body>	Script to be run when the browser window is being resized.
onscroll	All visible elements.	Script to be run when an element’s scrollbar is being scrolled
onsearch	<input>	Script to be run when the user writes something in a search field (for <input=”search”>)
onseeked	<audio>, <video>	Script to be run when the seeking attribute is set to false indicating that seeking has ended
onseeking	<audio>, <video>	Script to be run when the seeking attribute is set to true indicating that seeking is active
onselect	All visible elements.	Script to be run when the element gets selected
onstalled	<audio>, <video>	Script to be run when the browser is unable to fetch the media data for whatever reason
onstorage	<body>	Script to be run when a Web Storage area is updated
onsubmit	<form>	Script to be run when a form is submitted
onsuspend	<audio>, <video>	Script to be run when fetching the media data is stopped before it is completely loaded for whatever reason
ontimeupdate	<audio>, <video>	Script to be run when the playing position has changed (like when the user fast forwards to a different point in the media)
ontoggle	<details>	Script to be run when the user opens or closes the <details> element
onunload	<body>	Script to be run when a page has unloaded (or the browser window has been closed)
onvolumechange	<audio>, <video>	Script to be run each time the volume of a video/audio has been changed
onwaiting	<audio>, <video>	Script to be run when the media has paused but is expected to resume (like when the media pauses to buffer more data)
onwheel	All visible elements.	Script to be run when the mouse wheel rolls up or down over an element
open	<details>	Specifies that the details should be visible (open) to the user
optimum	<meter>	Specifies what value is the optimal value for the gauge
pattern	<input>	Specifies a regular expression that an <input> element’s value is checked against
placeholder	<input>, <textarea>	Specifies a short hint that describes the expected value of the element
poster	<video>	Specifies an image to be shown while the video is downloading, or until the user hits the play button
preload	<audio>, <video>	Specifies if and how the author thinks the audio/video should be loaded when the page loads
readonly	<input>, <textarea>	Specifies that the element is read-only
rel	<a>, <area>, <form>, <link>	Specifies the relationship between the current document and the linked document
required	<input>, <select>, <textarea>	Specifies that the element must be filled out before submitting the form
reversed	<ol>	Specifies that the list order should be descending (9,8,7…)
rows	<textarea>	Specifies the visible number of lines in a text area
rowspan	<td>, <th>	Specifies the number of rows a table cell should span
sandbox	<iframe>	Enables an extra set of restrictions for the content in an <iframe>
scope	<th>	Specifies whether a header cell is a header for a column, row, or group of columns or rows
selected	<option>	Specifies that an option should be pre-selected when the page loads
shape	<area>	Specifies the shape of the area
size	<input>, <select>	Specifies the width, in characters (for <input>) or specifies the number of visible options (for <select>)
sizes	<img>, <link>, <source>	Specifies the size of the linked resource
span	<col>, <colgroup>	Specifies the number of columns to span
spellcheck	Global Attributes	Specifies whether the element is to have its spelling and grammar checked or not
src	<audio>, <embed>, <iframe>, <img>, <input>, <script>, <source>, <track>, <video>	Specifies the URL of the media file
srcdoc	<iframe>	Specifies the HTML content of the page to show in the <iframe>
srclang	<track>	Specifies the language of the track text data (required if kind=”subtitles”)
srcset	<img>, <source>	Specifies the URL of the image to use in different situations
start	<ol>	Specifies the start value of an ordered list
step	<input>	Specifies the legal number intervals for an input field
style	Global Attributes	Specifies an inline CSS style for an element
tabindex	Global Attributes	Specifies the tabbing order of an element
target	<a>, <area>, <base>, <form>	Specifies the target for where to open the linked document or where to submit the form
title	Global Attributes	Specifies extra information about an element
translate	Global Attributes	Specifies whether the content of an element should be translated or not
type	<a>, <button>, <embed>, <input>, <link>, <menu>, <object>, <script>, <source>, <style>	Specifies the type of element
usemap	<img>, <object>	Specifies an image as a client-side image map
value	<button>, <input>, <li>, <option>, <meter>, <progress>, <param>	Specifies the value of the element
width	<canvas>, <embed>, <iframe>, <img>, <input>, <object>, <video>	Specifies the width of the element
wrap	<textarea>	Specifies how the text in a text area is to be wrapped when submitted in a form

HTML Global Attributes

The global attributes are attributes that can be used with all HTML elements.

Attribute	Description
accesskey	Specifies a shortcut key to activate/focus an element
class	Specifies one or more classnames for an element (refers to a class in a style sheet)
contenteditable	Specifies whether the content of an element is editable or not
data-*	Used to store custom data private to the page or application
dir	Specifies the text direction for the content in an element
draggable	Specifies whether an element is draggable or not
hidden	Specifies that an element is not yet, or is no longer, relevant
id	Specifies a unique id for an element
lang	Specifies the language of the element’s content
spellcheck	Specifies whether the element is to have its spelling and grammar checked or not
style	Specifies an inline CSS style for an element
tabindex	Specifies the tabbing order of an element
title	Specifies extra information about an element
translate	Specifies whether the content of an element should be translated or not

Global Event Attributes

HTML has the ability to let events trigger actions in a browser, like starting a JavaScript when a user clicks on an element.

To learn more about programming events, please visit our JavaScript tutorial.

Below are the global event attributes that can be added to HTML elements to define event actions.

Window Event Attributes

Events triggered for the window object (applies to the <body> tag):

Attribute	Value	Description
onafterprint	script	Script to be run after the document is printed
onbeforeprint	script	Script to be run before the document is printed
onbeforeunload	script	Script to be run when the document is about to be unloaded
onerror	script	Script to be run when an error occurs
onhashchange	script	Script to be run when there has been changes to the anchor part of the a URL
onload	script	Fires after the page is finished loading
onmessage	script	Script to be run when the message is triggered
onoffline	script	Script to be run when the browser starts to work offline
ononline	script	Script to be run when the browser starts to work online
onpagehide	script	Script to be run when a user navigates away from a page
onpageshow	script	Script to be run when a user navigates to a page
onpopstate	script	Script to be run when the window’s history changes
onresize	script	Fires when the browser window is resized
onstorage	script	Script to be run when a Web Storage area is updated
onunload	script	Fires once a page has unloaded (or the browser window has been closed)

Form Events

Events triggered by actions inside a HTML form (applies to almost all HTML elements, but is most used in form elements):

Attribute	Value	Description
onblur	script	Fires the moment that the element loses focus
onchange	script	Fires the moment when the value of the element is changed
oncontextmenu	script	Script to be run when a context menu is triggered
onfocus	script	Fires the moment when the element gets focus
oninput	script	Script to be run when an element gets user input
oninvalid	script	Script to be run when an element is invalid
onreset	script	Fires when the Reset button in a form is clicked
onsearch	script	Fires when the user writes something in a search field (for <input=”search”>)
onselect	script	Fires after some text has been selected in an element
onsubmit	script	Fires when a form is submitted

Keyboard Events

Attribute	Value	Description
onkeydown	script	Fires when a user is pressing a key
onkeypress	script	Fires when a user presses a key
onkeyup	script	Fires when a user releases a key

Mouse Events

Attribute	Value	Description
onclick	script	Fires on a mouse click on the element
ondblclick	script	Fires on a mouse double-click on the element
onmousedown	script	Fires when a mouse button is pressed down on an element
onmousemove	script	Fires when the mouse pointer is moving while it is over an element
onmouseout	script	Fires when the mouse pointer moves out of an element
onmouseover	script	Fires when the mouse pointer moves over an element
onmouseup	script	Fires when a mouse button is released over an element
onmousewheel	script	Deprecated. Use the onwheel attribute instead
onwheel	script	Fires when the mouse wheel rolls up or down over an element

Drag Events

Attribute	Value	Description
ondrag	script	Script to be run when an element is dragged
ondragend	script	Script to be run at the end of a drag operation
ondragenter	script	Script to be run when an element has been dragged to a valid drop target
ondragleave	script	Script to be run when an element leaves a valid drop target
ondragover	script	Script to be run when an element is being dragged over a valid drop target
ondragstart	script	Script to be run at the start of a drag operation
ondrop	script	Script to be run when dragged element is being dropped
onscroll	script	Script to be run when an element’s scrollbar is being scrolled

Clipboard Events

Attribute	Value	Description
oncopy	script	Fires when the user copies the content of an element
oncut	script	Fires when the user cuts the content of an element
onpaste	script	Fires when the user pastes some content in an element

Media Events

Events triggered by medias like videos, images and audio (applies to all HTML elements, but is most common in media elements, like <audio>, <embed>, <img>, <object>, and <video>).

Tip: Look at our HTML Audio and Video DOM Reference for more information.

Attribute	Value	Description
onabort	script	Script to be run on abort
oncanplay	script	Script to be run when a file is ready to start playing (when it has buffered enough to begin)
oncanplaythrough	script	Script to be run when a file can be played all the way to the end without pausing for buffering
oncuechange	script	Script to be run when the cue changes in a <track> element
ondurationchange	script	Script to be run when the length of the media changes
onemptied	script	Script to be run when something bad happens and the file is suddenly unavailable (like unexpectedly disconnects)
onended	script	Script to be run when the media has reach the end (a useful event for messages like “thanks for listening”)
onerror	script	Script to be run when an error occurs when the file is being loaded
onloadeddata	script	Script to be run when media data is loaded
onloadedmetadata	script	Script to be run when meta data (like dimensions and duration) are loaded
onloadstart	script	Script to be run just as the file begins to load before anything is actually loaded
onpause	script	Script to be run when the media is paused either by the user or programmatically
onplay	script	Script to be run when the media is ready to start playing
onplaying	script	Script to be run when the media actually has started playing
onprogress	script	Script to be run when the browser is in the process of getting the media data
onratechange	script	Script to be run each time the playback rate changes (like when a user switches to a slow motion or fast forward mode)
onseeked	script	Script to be run when the seeking attribute is set to false indicating that seeking has ended
onseeking	script	Script to be run when the seeking attribute is set to true indicating that seeking is active
onstalled	script	Script to be run when the browser is unable to fetch the media data for whatever reason
onsuspend	script	Script to be run when fetching the media data is stopped before it is completely loaded for whatever reason
ontimeupdate	script	Script to be run when the playing position has changed (like when the user fast forwards to a different point in the media)
onvolumechange	script	Script to be run each time the volume is changed which (includes setting the volume to “mute”)
onwaiting	script	Script to be run when the media has paused but is expected to resume (like when the media pauses to buffer more data)

Misc Events

Attribute	Value	Description
ontoggle	script	Fires when the user opens or closes the <details> element

Color Names Supported by All Browsers

All modern browsers support the following 140 color names (click on a color name, or a hex value, to view the color as the background-color along with different text colors):

For a full overview of HTML colors, visit our colors tutorial.AliceBlue
#F0F8FF AntiqueWhite
#FAEBD7 Aqua
#00FFFF Aquamarine
#7FFFD4 Azure
#F0FFFF Beige
#F5F5DC Bisque
#FFE4C4 Black
#000000 BlanchedAlmond
#FFEBCD Blue
#0000FF BlueViolet
#8A2BE2 Brown
#A52A2A BurlyWood
#DEB887 CadetBlue
#5F9EA0 Chartreuse
#7FFF00 Chocolate
#D2691E Coral
#FF7F50 CornflowerBlue
#6495ED Cornsilk
#FFF8DC Crimson
#DC143C Cyan
#00FFFF DarkBlue
#00008B DarkCyan
#008B8B DarkGoldenRod
#B8860B DarkGray
#A9A9A9 DarkGrey
#A9A9A9 DarkGreen
#006400 DarkKhaki
#BDB76B DarkMagenta
#8B008B DarkOliveGreen
#556B2F DarkOrange
#FF8C00 DarkOrchid
#9932CC DarkRed
#8B0000 DarkSalmon
#E9967A DarkSeaGreen
#8FBC8F DarkSlateBlue
#483D8B DarkSlateGray
#2F4F4F DarkSlateGrey
#2F4F4F DarkTurquoise
#00CED1 DarkViolet
#9400D3 DeepPink
#FF1493 DeepSkyBlue
#00BFFF DimGray
#696969 DimGrey
#696969 DodgerBlue
#1E90FF FireBrick
#B22222 FloralWhite
#FFFAF0 ForestGreen
#228B22 Fuchsia
#FF00FF Gainsboro
#DCDCDC GhostWhite
#F8F8FF Gold
#FFD700 GoldenRod
#DAA520 Gray
#808080 Grey
#808080 Green
#008000 GreenYellow
#ADFF2F HoneyDew
#F0FFF0 HotPink
#FF69B4 IndianRed
#CD5C5C Indigo
#4B0082 Ivory
#FFFFF0 Khaki
#F0E68C Lavender
#E6E6FA LavenderBlush
#FFF0F5 LawnGreen
#7CFC00 LemonChiffon
#FFFACD LightBlue
#ADD8E6 LightCoral
#F08080 LightCyan
#E0FFFF LightGoldenRodYellow
#FAFAD2 LightGray
#D3D3D3 LightGrey
#D3D3D3 LightGreen
#90EE90 LightPink
#FFB6C1 LightSalmon
#FFA07A LightSeaGreen
#20B2AA LightSkyBlue
#87CEFA LightSlateGray
#778899 LightSlateGrey
#778899 LightSteelBlue
#B0C4DE LightYellow
#FFFFE0 Lime
#00FF00 LimeGreen
#32CD32 Linen
#FAF0E6 Magenta
#FF00FF Maroon
#800000 MediumAquaMarine
#66CDAA MediumBlue
#0000CD MediumOrchid
#BA55D3 MediumPurple
#9370DB MediumSeaGreen
#3CB371 MediumSlateBlue
#7B68EE MediumSpringGreen
#00FA9A MediumTurquoise
#48D1CC MediumVioletRed
#C71585 MidnightBlue
#191970 MintCream
#F5FFFA MistyRose
#FFE4E1 Moccasin
#FFE4B5 NavajoWhite
#FFDEAD Navy
#000080 OldLace
#FDF5E6 Olive
#808000 OliveDrab
#6B8E23 Orange
#FFA500 OrangeRed
#FF4500 Orchid
#DA70D6 PaleGoldenRod
#EEE8AA PaleGreen
#98FB98 PaleTurquoise
#AFEEEE PaleVioletRed
#DB7093 PapayaWhip
#FFEFD5 PeachPuff
#FFDAB9 Peru
#CD853F Pink
#FFC0CB Plum
#DDA0DD PowderBlue
#B0E0E6 Purple
#800080 RebeccaPurple
#663399 Red
#FF0000 RosyBrown
#BC8F8F RoyalBlue
#4169E1 SaddleBrown
#8B4513 Salmon
#FA8072 SandyBrown
#F4A460 SeaGreen
#2E8B57 SeaShell
#FFF5EE Sienna
#A0522D Silver
#C0C0C0 SkyBlue
#87CEEB SlateBlue
#6A5ACD SlateGray
#708090 SlateGrey
#708090 Snow
#FFFAFA SpringGreen
#00FF7F SteelBlue
#4682B4 Tan
#D2B48C Teal
#008080 Thistle
#D8BFD8 Tomato
#FF6347 Turquoise
#40E0D0 Violet
#EE82EE Wheat
#F5DEB3 White
#FFFFFF WhiteSmoke
#F5F5F5 Yellow
#FFFF00 YellowGreen
#9ACD32

Color Names Supported by All Browsers
All modern browsers support the following 140 color names (click on a color name, or a hex value, to view the color as the background-color along with different text colors):
For a full overview of HTML colors, visit our colors tutorial.
AliceBlue
#F0F8FF


AntiqueWhite
#FAEBD7


Aqua
#00FFFF


Aquamarine
#7FFFD4


Azure
#F0FFFF


Beige
#F5F5DC


Bisque
#FFE4C4


Black
#000000


BlanchedAlmond
#FFEBCD


Blue
#0000FF


BlueViolet
#8A2BE2


Brown
#A52A2A


BurlyWood
#DEB887


CadetBlue
#5F9EA0


Chartreuse
#7FFF00


Chocolate
#D2691E


Coral
#FF7F50


CornflowerBlue
#6495ED


Cornsilk
#FFF8DC


Crimson
#DC143C


Cyan
#00FFFF


DarkBlue
#00008B


DarkCyan
#008B8B


DarkGoldenRod
#B8860B


DarkGray
#A9A9A9


DarkGrey
#A9A9A9


DarkGreen
#006400


DarkKhaki
#BDB76B


DarkMagenta
#8B008B


DarkOliveGreen
#556B2F


DarkOrange
#FF8C00


DarkOrchid
#9932CC


DarkRed
#8B0000


DarkSalmon
#E9967A


DarkSeaGreen
#8FBC8F


DarkSlateBlue
#483D8B


DarkSlateGray
#2F4F4F


DarkSlateGrey
#2F4F4F


DarkTurquoise
#00CED1


DarkViolet
#9400D3


DeepPink
#FF1493


DeepSkyBlue
#00BFFF


DimGray
#696969


DimGrey
#696969


DodgerBlue
#1E90FF


FireBrick
#B22222


FloralWhite
#FFFAF0


ForestGreen
#228B22


Fuchsia
#FF00FF


Gainsboro
#DCDCDC


GhostWhite
#F8F8FF


Gold
#FFD700


GoldenRod
#DAA520


Gray
#808080


Grey
#808080


Green
#008000


GreenYellow
#ADFF2F


HoneyDew
#F0FFF0


HotPink
#FF69B4


IndianRed
#CD5C5C


Indigo
#4B0082


Ivory
#FFFFF0


Khaki
#F0E68C


Lavender
#E6E6FA


LavenderBlush
#FFF0F5


LawnGreen
#7CFC00


LemonChiffon
#FFFACD


LightBlue
#ADD8E6


LightCoral
#F08080


LightCyan
#E0FFFF


LightGoldenRodYellow
#FAFAD2


LightGray
#D3D3D3


LightGrey
#D3D3D3


LightGreen
#90EE90


LightPink
#FFB6C1


LightSalmon
#FFA07A


LightSeaGreen
#20B2AA


LightSkyBlue
#87CEFA


LightSlateGray
#778899


LightSlateGrey
#778899


LightSteelBlue
#B0C4DE


LightYellow
#FFFFE0


Lime
#00FF00


LimeGreen
#32CD32


Linen
#FAF0E6


Magenta
#FF00FF


Maroon
#800000


MediumAquaMarine
#66CDAA


MediumBlue
#0000CD


MediumOrchid
#BA55D3


MediumPurple
#9370DB


MediumSeaGreen
#3CB371


MediumSlateBlue
#7B68EE


MediumSpringGreen
#00FA9A


MediumTurquoise
#48D1CC


MediumVioletRed
#C71585


MidnightBlue
#191970


MintCream
#F5FFFA


MistyRose
#FFE4E1


Moccasin
#FFE4B5


NavajoWhite
#FFDEAD


Navy
#000080


OldLace
#FDF5E6


Olive
#808000


OliveDrab
#6B8E23


Orange
#FFA500


OrangeRed
#FF4500


Orchid
#DA70D6


PaleGoldenRod
#EEE8AA


PaleGreen
#98FB98


PaleTurquoise
#AFEEEE


PaleVioletRed
#DB7093


PapayaWhip
#FFEFD5


PeachPuff
#FFDAB9


Peru
#CD853F


Pink
#FFC0CB


Plum
#DDA0DD


PowderBlue
#B0E0E6


Purple
#800080


RebeccaPurple
#663399


Red
#FF0000


RosyBrown
#BC8F8F


RoyalBlue
#4169E1


SaddleBrown
#8B4513


Salmon
#FA8072


SandyBrown
#F4A460


SeaGreen
#2E8B57


SeaShell
#FFF5EE


Sienna
#A0522D


Silver
#C0C0C0


SkyBlue
#87CEEB


SlateBlue
#6A5ACD


SlateGray
#708090


SlateGrey
#708090


Snow
#FFFAFA


SpringGreen
#00FF7F


SteelBlue
#4682B4


Tan
#D2B48C


Teal
#008080


Thistle
#D8BFD8


Tomato
#FF6347


Turquoise
#40E0D0


Violet
#EE82EE


Wheat
#F5DEB3


White
#FFFFFF


WhiteSmoke
#F5F5F5


Yellow
#FFFF00


YellowGreen
#9ACD32

HTML Canvas Reference

The HTML <canvas> tag is used to draw graphics, on the fly, via scripting (usually JavaScript).

To learn more about <canvas>, please read our HTML Canvas tutorial.

Colors, Styles, and Shadows

Property	Description
fillStyle	Sets or returns the color, gradient, or pattern used to fill the drawing
strokeStyle	Sets or returns the color, gradient, or pattern used for strokes
shadowColor	Sets or returns the color to use for shadows
shadowBlur	Sets or returns the blur level for shadows
shadowOffsetX	Sets or returns the horizontal distance of the shadow from the shape
shadowOffsetY	Sets or returns the vertical distance of the shadow from the shape

Method	Description
createLinearGradient()	Creates a linear gradient (to use on canvas content)
createPattern()	Repeats a specified element in the specified direction
createRadialGradient()	Creates a radial/circular gradient (to use on canvas content)
addColorStop()	Specifies the colors and stop positions in a gradient object

Line Styles

Property	Description
lineCap	Sets or returns the style of the end caps for a line
lineJoin	Sets or returns the type of corner created, when two lines meet
lineWidth	Sets or returns the current line width
miterLimit	Sets or returns the maximum miter length

Rectangles

Method	Description
rect()	Creates a rectangle
fillRect()	Draws a “filled” rectangle
strokeRect()	Draws a rectangle (no fill)
clearRect()	Clears the specified pixels within a given rectangle

Paths

Method	Description
fill()	Fills the current drawing (path)
stroke()	Actually draws the path you have defined
beginPath()	Begins a path, or resets the current path
moveTo()	Moves the path to the specified point in the canvas, without creating a line
closePath()	Creates a path from the current point back to the starting point
lineTo()	Adds a new point and creates a line to that point from the last specified point in the canvas
clip()	Clips a region of any shape and size from the original canvas
quadraticCurveTo()	Creates a quadratic Bézier curve
bezierCurveTo()	Creates a cubic Bézier curve
arc()	Creates an arc/curve (used to create circles, or parts of circles)
arcTo()	Creates an arc/curve between two tangents
isPointInPath()	Returns true if the specified point is in the current path, otherwise false

Transformations

Method	Description
scale()	Scales the current drawing bigger or smaller
rotate()	Rotates the current drawing
translate()	Remaps the (0,0) position on the canvas
transform()	Replaces the current transformation matrix for the drawing
setTransform()	Resets the current transform to the identity matrix. Then runs transform()

Text

Property	Description
font	Sets or returns the current font properties for text content
textAlign	Sets or returns the current alignment for text content
textBaseline	Sets or returns the current text baseline used when drawing text

Method	Description
fillText()	Draws “filled” text on the canvas
strokeText()	Draws text on the canvas (no fill)
measureText()	Returns an object that contains the width of the specified text

Image Drawing

Method	Description
drawImage()	Draws an image, canvas, or video onto the canvas

Pixel Manipulation

Property	Description
width	Returns the width of an ImageData object
height	Returns the height of an ImageData object
data	Returns an object that contains image data of a specified ImageData object

Method	Description
createImageData()	Creates a new, blank ImageData object
getImageData()	Returns an ImageData object that copies the pixel data for the specified rectangle on a canvas
putImageData()	Puts the image data (from a specified ImageData object) back onto the canvas

Compositing

Property	Description
globalAlpha	Sets or returns the current alpha or transparency value of the drawing
globalCompositeOperation	Sets or returns how a new image is drawn onto an existing image

Other

Method	Description
save()	Saves the state of the current context
restore()	Returns previously saved path state and attributes
createEvent()
getContext()
toDataURL()

HTML Audio and Video DOM Reference

The HTML5 DOM has methods, properties, and events for the <audio> and <video> elements.

HTML Audio/Video Methods

Method	Description
addTextTrack()	Adds a new text track to the audio/video
canPlayType()	Checks if the browser can play the specified audio/video type
load()	Re-loads the audio/video element
play()	Starts playing the audio/video
pause()	Pauses the currently playing audio/video

HTML Audio/Video Properties

Property	Description
audioTracks	Returns an AudioTrackList object representing available audio tracks
autoplay	Sets or returns whether the audio/video should start playing as soon as it is loaded
buffered	Returns a TimeRanges object representing the buffered parts of the audio/video
controller	Returns the MediaController object representing the current media controller of the audio/video
controls	Sets or returns whether the audio/video should display controls (like play/pause etc.)
crossOrigin	Sets or returns the CORS settings of the audio/video
currentSrc	Returns the URL of the current audio/video
currentTime	Sets or returns the current playback position in the audio/video (in seconds)
defaultMuted	Sets or returns whether the audio/video should be muted by default
defaultPlaybackRate	Sets or returns the default speed of the audio/video playback
duration	Returns the length of the current audio/video (in seconds)
ended	Returns whether the playback of the audio/video has ended or not
error	Returns a MediaError object representing the error state of the audio/video
loop	Sets or returns whether the audio/video should start over again when finished
mediaGroup	Sets or returns the group the audio/video belongs to (used to link multiple audio/video elements)
muted	Sets or returns whether the audio/video is muted or not
networkState	Returns the current network state of the audio/video
paused	Returns whether the audio/video is paused or not
playbackRate	Sets or returns the speed of the audio/video playback
played	Returns a TimeRanges object representing the played parts of the audio/video
preload	Sets or returns whether the audio/video should be loaded when the page loads
readyState	Returns the current ready state of the audio/video
seekable	Returns a TimeRanges object representing the seekable parts of the audio/video
seeking	Returns whether the user is currently seeking in the audio/video
src	Sets or returns the current source of the audio/video element
startDate	Returns a Date object representing the current time offset
textTracks	Returns a TextTrackList object representing the available text tracks
videoTracks	Returns a VideoTrackList object representing the available video tracks
volume	Sets or returns the volume of the audio/video

HTML Audio/Video Events

Event	Description
abort	Fires when the loading of an audio/video is aborted
canplay	Fires when the browser can start playing the audio/video
canplaythrough	Fires when the browser can play through the audio/video without stopping for buffering
durationchange	Fires when the duration of the audio/video is changed
emptied	Fires when the current playlist is empty
ended	Fires when the current playlist is ended
error	Fires when an error occurred during the loading of an audio/video
loadeddata	Fires when the browser has loaded the current frame of the audio/video
loadedmetadata	Fires when the browser has loaded meta data for the audio/video
loadstart	Fires when the browser starts looking for the audio/video
pause	Fires when the audio/video has been paused
play	Fires when the audio/video has been started or is no longer paused
playing	Fires when the audio/video is playing after having been paused or stopped for buffering
progress	Fires when the browser is downloading the audio/video
ratechange	Fires when the playing speed of the audio/video is changed
seeked	Fires when the user is finished moving/skipping to a new position in the audio/video
seeking	Fires when the user starts moving/skipping to a new position in the audio/video
stalled	Fires when the browser is trying to get media data, but data is not available
suspend	Fires when the browser is intentionally not getting media data
timeupdate	Fires when the current playback position has changed
volumechange	Fires when the volume has been changed
waiting	Fires when the video stops because it needs to buffer the next frame

Common HTML Character Sets

The default character set in HTML5 is UTF-8.

For a closer look, visit our Complete HTML Character Set Reference.

Number	ASCII	ANSI	8859-1	UTF-8	Description
32					space
33	!	!	!	!	exclamation mark
34	“	“	“	“	quotation mark
35	#	#	#	#	number sign
36	$	$	$	$	dollar sign
37	%	%	%	%	percent sign
38	&	&	&	&	ampersand
39	‘	‘	‘	‘	apostrophe
40	(	(	(	(	left parenthesis
41	)	)	)	)	right parenthesis
42	*	*	*	*	asterisk
43	+	+	+	+	plus sign
44	,	,	,	,	comma
45	–	–	–	–	hyphen-minus
46	.	.	.	.	full stop
47	/	/	/	/	solidus
48	0	0	0	0	digit zero
49	1	1	1	1	digit one
50	2	2	2	2	digit two
51	3	3	3	3	digit three
52	4	4	4	4	digit four
53	5	5	5	5	digit five
54	6	6	6	6	digit six
55	7	7	7	7	digit seven
56	8	8	8	8	digit eight
57	9	9	9	9	digit nine
58	:	:	:	:	colon
59	;	;	;	;	semicolon
60	<	<	<	<	less-than sign
61	=	=	=	=	equals sign
62	>	>	>	>	greater-than sign
63	?	?	?	?	question mark
64	@	@	@	@	commercial at
65	A	A	A	A	Latin capital letter A
66	B	B	B	B	Latin capital letter B
67	C	C	C	C	Latin capital letter C
68	D	D	D	D	Latin capital letter D
69	E	E	E	E	Latin capital letter E
70	F	F	F	F	Latin capital letter F
71	G	G	G	G	Latin capital letter G
72	H	H	H	H	Latin capital letter H
73	I	I	I	I	Latin capital letter I
74	J	J	J	J	Latin capital letter J
75	K	K	K	K	Latin capital letter K
76	L	L	L	L	Latin capital letter L
77	M	M	M	M	Latin capital letter M
78	N	N	N	N	Latin capital letter N
79	O	O	O	O	Latin capital letter O
80	P	P	P	P	Latin capital letter P
81	Q	Q	Q	Q	Latin capital letter Q
82	R	R	R	R	Latin capital letter R
83	S	S	S	S	Latin capital letter S
84	T	T	T	T	Latin capital letter T
85	U	U	U	U	Latin capital letter U
86	V	V	V	V	Latin capital letter V
87	W	W	W	W	Latin capital letter W
88	X	X	X	X	Latin capital letter X
89	Y	Y	Y	Y	Latin capital letter Y
90	Z	Z	Z	Z	Latin capital letter Z
91	[	[	[	[	left square bracket
92	\	\	\	\	reverse solidus
93	]	]	]	]	right square bracket
94	^	^	^	^	circumflex accent
95	_	_	_	_	low line
96	`	`	`	`	grave accent
97	a	a	a	a	Latin small letter a
98	b	b	b	b	Latin small letter b
99	c	c	c	c	Latin small letter c
100	d	d	d	d	Latin small letter d
101	e	e	e	e	Latin small letter e
102	f	f	f	f	Latin small letter f
103	g	g	g	g	Latin small letter g
104	h	h	h	h	Latin small letter h
105	i	i	i	i	Latin small letter i
106	j	j	j	j	Latin small letter j
107	k	k	k	k	Latin small letter k
108	l	l	l	l	Latin small letter l
109	m	m	m	m	Latin small letter m
110	n	n	n	n	Latin small letter n
111	o	o	o	o	Latin small letter o
112	p	p	p	p	Latin small letter p
113	q	q	q	q	Latin small letter q
114	r	r	r	r	Latin small letter r
115	s	s	s	s	Latin small letter s
116	t	t	t	t	Latin small letter t
117	u	u	u	u	Latin small letter u
118	v	v	v	v	Latin small letter v
119	w	w	w	w	Latin small letter w
120	x	x	x	x	Latin small letter x
121	y	y	y	y	Latin small letter y
122	z	z	z	z	Latin small letter z
123	{	{	{	{	left curly bracket
124	\|	\|	\|	\|	vertical line
125	}	}	}	}	right curly bracket
126	~	~	~	~	tilde
127	DEL
128		€			euro sign
129					NOT USED
130		‚			single low-9 quotation mark
131		ƒ			Latin small letter f with hook
132		„			double low-9 quotation mark
133		…			horizontal ellipsis
134		†			dagger
135		‡			double dagger
136		ˆ			modifier letter circumflex accent
137		‰			per mille sign
138		Š			Latin capital letter S with caron
139		‹			single left-pointing angle quotation mark
140		Œ			Latin capital ligature OE
141					NOT USED
142		Ž			Latin capital letter Z with caron
143					NOT USED
144					NOT USED
145		‘			left single quotation mark
146		’			right single quotation mark
147		“			left double quotation mark
148		”			right double quotation mark
149		•			bullet
150		–			en dash
151		—			em dash
152		˜			small tilde
153		™			trade mark sign
154		š			Latin small letter s with caron
155		›			single right-pointing angle quotation mark
156		œ			Latin small ligature oe
157					NOT USED
158		ž			Latin small letter z with caron
159		Ÿ			Latin capital letter Y with diaeresis
160					no-break space
161		¡	¡	¡	inverted exclamation mark
162		¢	¢	¢	cent sign
163		£	£	£	pound sign
164		¤	¤	¤	currency sign
165		¥	¥	¥	yen sign
166		¦	¦	¦	broken bar
167		§	§	§	section sign
168		¨	¨	¨	diaeresis
169		©	©	©	copyright sign
170		ª	ª	ª	feminine ordinal indicator
171		«	«	«	left-pointing double angle quotation mark
172		¬	¬	¬	not sign
173					soft hyphen
174		®	®	®	registered sign
175		¯	¯	¯	macron
176		°	°	°	degree sign
177		±	±	±	plus-minus sign
178		²	²	²	superscript two
179		³	³	³	superscript three
180		´	´	´	acute accent
181		µ	µ	µ	micro sign
182		¶	¶	¶	pilcrow sign
183		·	·	·	middle dot
184		¸	¸	¸	cedilla
185		¹	¹	¹	superscript one
186		º	º	º	masculine ordinal indicator
187		»	»	»	right-pointing double angle quotation mark
188		¼	¼	¼	vulgar fraction one quarter
189		½	½	½	vulgar fraction one half
190		¾	¾	¾	vulgar fraction three quarters
191		¿	¿	¿	inverted question mark
192		À	À	À	Latin capital letter A with grave
193		Á	Á	Á	Latin capital letter A with acute
194		Â	Â	Â	Latin capital letter A with circumflex
195		Ã	Ã	Ã	Latin capital letter A with tilde
196		Ä	Ä	Ä	Latin capital letter A with diaeresis
197		Å	Å	Å	Latin capital letter A with ring above
198		Æ	Æ	Æ	Latin capital letter AE
199		Ç	Ç	Ç	Latin capital letter C with cedilla
200		È	È	È	Latin capital letter E with grave
201		É	É	É	Latin capital letter E with acute
202		Ê	Ê	Ê	Latin capital letter E with circumflex
203		Ë	Ë	Ë	Latin capital letter E with diaeresis
204		Ì	Ì	Ì	Latin capital letter I with grave
205		Í	Í	Í	Latin capital letter I with acute
206		Î	Î	Î	Latin capital letter I with circumflex
207		Ï	Ï	Ï	Latin capital letter I with diaeresis
208		Ð	Ð	Ð	Latin capital letter Eth
209		Ñ	Ñ	Ñ	Latin capital letter N with tilde
210		Ò	Ò	Ò	Latin capital letter O with grave
211		Ó	Ó	Ó	Latin capital letter O with acute
212		Ô	Ô	Ô	Latin capital letter O with circumflex
213		Õ	Õ	Õ	Latin capital letter O with tilde
214		Ö	Ö	Ö	Latin capital letter O with diaeresis
215		×	×	×	multiplication sign
216		Ø	Ø	Ø	Latin capital letter O with stroke
217		Ù	Ù	Ù	Latin capital letter U with grave
218		Ú	Ú	Ú	Latin capital letter U with acute
219		Û	Û	Û	Latin capital letter U with circumflex
220		Ü	Ü	Ü	Latin capital letter U with diaeresis
221		Ý	Ý	Ý	Latin capital letter Y with acute
222		Þ	Þ	Þ	Latin capital letter Thorn
223		ß	ß	ß	Latin small letter sharp s
224		à	à	à	Latin small letter a with grave
225		á	á	á	Latin small letter a with acute
226		â	â	â	Latin small letter a with circumflex
227		ã	ã	ã	Latin small letter a with tilde
228		ä	ä	ä	Latin small letter a with diaeresis
229		å	å	å	Latin small letter a with ring above
230		æ	æ	æ	Latin small letter ae
231		ç	ç	ç	Latin small letter c with cedilla
232		è	è	è	Latin small letter e with grave
233		é	é	é	Latin small letter e with acute
234		ê	ê	ê	Latin small letter e with circumflex
235		ë	ë	ë	Latin small letter e with diaeresis
236		ì	ì	ì	Latin small letter i with grave
237		í	í	í	Latin small letter i with acute
238		î	î	î	Latin small letter i with circumflex
239		ï	ï	ï	Latin small letter i with diaeresis
240		ð	ð	ð	Latin small letter eth
241		ñ	ñ	ñ	Latin small letter n with tilde
242		ò	ò	ò	Latin small letter o with grave
243		ó	ó	ó	Latin small letter o with acute
244		ô	ô	ô	Latin small letter o with circumflex
245		õ	õ	õ	Latin small letter o with tilde
246		ö	ö	ö	Latin small letter o with diaeresis
247		÷	÷	÷	division sign
248		ø	ø	ø	Latin small letter o with stroke
249		ù	ù	ù	Latin small letter u with grave
250		ú	ú	ú	Latin small letter u with acute
251		û	û	û	Latin small letter with circumflex
252		ü	ü	ü	Latin small letter u with diaeresis
253		ý	ý	ý	Latin small letter y with acute
254		þ	þ	þ	Latin small letter thorn
255		ÿ	ÿ	ÿ	Latin small letter y with diaeresis

The HTML Document Type

All HTML documents must start with a <!DOCTYPE> declaration.

The declaration is not an HTML tag. It is an “information” to the browser about what document type to expect.

In HTML5, the <!DOCTYPE> declaration is simple:<!DOCTYPE html>

In older documents (HTML 4 or XHTML), the declaration is more complicated because the declaration must refer to a DTD (Document Type Definition).<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN” “http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd”><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN” “http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd”>

You can read more about document types in the <!DOCTYPE> reference.

Valid HTML Elements in Different DOCTYPES

Tag	HTML 5	HTML 4	XHTML
<a>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<abbr>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<acronym>	No	Yes	Yes
<address>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<applet>	No	Yes	No
<area>	Yes	Yes	No
<article>	Yes	No	No
<aside>	Yes	No	No
<audio>	Yes	No	No
<b>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<base>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<basefont>	No	Yes	No
<bdi>	Yes	No	No
<bdo>	Yes	Yes	No
<big>	No	Yes	Yes
<blockquote>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<body>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<br>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<button>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<canvas>	Yes	No	No
<caption>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<center>	No	Yes	No
<cite>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<code>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<col>	Yes	Yes	No
<colgroup>	Yes	Yes	No
<datalist>	Yes	No	No
<dd>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<del>	Yes	Yes	No
<details>	Yes	No	No
<dfn>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<dialog>	Yes	No	No
<dir>	No	Yes	No
<div>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<dl>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<dt>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<em>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<embed>	Yes	No	No
<fieldset>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<figcaption>	Yes	No	No
<figure>	Yes	No	No
<font>	No	Yes	No
<footer>	Yes	No	No
<form>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<frame>	No	No	No
<frameset>	No	Yes	No
<h1> to <h6>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<head>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<header>	Yes	No	No
<hr>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<html>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<i>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<iframe>	Yes	Yes	No
<img>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<input>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<ins>	Yes	Yes	No
<kbd>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<label>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<legend>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<li>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<link>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<main>	Yes	No	No
<map>	Yes	Yes	No
<mark>	Yes	No	No
<meta>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<meter>	Yes	No	No
<nav>	Yes	No	No
<noframes>	No	Yes	No
<noscript>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<object>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<ol>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<optgroup>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<option>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<output>	Yes	No	No
<p>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<param>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<pre>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<progress>	Yes	No	No
<q>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<rp>	Yes	No	No
<rt>	Yes	No	No
<ruby>	Yes	No	No
<s>	Yes	Yes	No
<samp>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<script>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<section>	Yes	No	No
<select>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<small>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<source>	Yes	No	No
<span>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<strike>	No	Yes	No
<strong>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<style>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<sub>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<summary>	Yes	No	No
<sup>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<table>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<tbody>	Yes	Yes	No
<td>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<textarea>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<tfoot>	Yes	Yes	No
<th>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<thead>	Yes	Yes	No
<time>	Yes	No	No
<title>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<tr>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<track>	Yes	No	No
<tt>	No	Yes	Yes
<u>	Yes	Yes	No
<ul>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<var>	Yes	Yes	Yes
<video>	Yes	No	No
<wbr>	Yes	No	No

URL – Uniform Resource Locator

Web browsers request pages from web servers by using a URL.

The URL is the address of a web page, like: https://www.w3schools.com.

URL Encoding (Percent Encoding)

URL encoding converts characters into a format that can be transmitted over the Internet.

URLs can only be sent over the Internet using the ASCII character-set.

Since URLs often contain characters outside the ASCII set, the URL has to be converted into a valid ASCII format.

URL encoding replaces unsafe ASCII characters with a “%” followed by two hexadecimal digits.

URLs cannot contain spaces. URL encoding normally replaces a space with a plus (+) sign or with %20.

Try It Yourself

If you click the “Submit” button below, the browser will URL encode the input before it is sent to the server. A page at the server will display the received input.

Try some other input and click Submit again.

URL Encoding Functions

In JavaScript, PHP, and ASP there are functions that can be used to URL encode a string.

PHP has the rawurlencode() function, and ASP has the Server.URLEncode() function.

In JavaScript you can use the encodeURIComponent() function.

Click the “URL Encode” button to see how the JavaScript function encodes the text.

Note: The JavaScript function encodes space as %20.

ASCII Encoding Reference

Your browser will encode input, according to the character-set used in your page.

The default character-set in HTML5 is UTF-8.

Character	From Windows-1252	From UTF-8
space	%20	%20
!	%21	%21
“	%22	%22
#	%23	%23
$	%24	%24
%	%25	%25
&	%26	%26
‘	%27	%27
(	%28	%28
)	%29	%29
*	%2A	%2A
+	%2B	%2B
,	%2C	%2C
–	%2D	%2D
.	%2E	%2E
/	%2F	%2F
0	%30	%30
1	%31	%31
2	%32	%32
3	%33	%33
4	%34	%34
5	%35	%35
6	%36	%36
7	%37	%37
8	%38	%38
9	%39	%39
:	%3A	%3A
;	%3B	%3B
<	%3C	%3C
=	%3D	%3D
>	%3E	%3E
?	%3F	%3F
@	%40	%40
A	%41	%41
B	%42	%42
C	%43	%43
D	%44	%44
E	%45	%45
F	%46	%46
G	%47	%47
H	%48	%48
I	%49	%49
J	%4A	%4A
K	%4B	%4B
L	%4C	%4C
M	%4D	%4D
N	%4E	%4E
O	%4F	%4F
P	%50	%50
Q	%51	%51
R	%52	%52
S	%53	%53
T	%54	%54
U	%55	%55
V	%56	%56
W	%57	%57
X	%58	%58
Y	%59	%59
Z	%5A	%5A
[	%5B	%5B
\	%5C	%5C
]	%5D	%5D
^	%5E	%5E
_	%5F	%5F
`	%60	%60
a	%61	%61
b	%62	%62
c	%63	%63
d	%64	%64
e	%65	%65
f	%66	%66
g	%67	%67
h	%68	%68
i	%69	%69
j	%6A	%6A
k	%6B	%6B
l	%6C	%6C
m	%6D	%6D
n	%6E	%6E
o	%6F	%6F
p	%70	%70
q	%71	%71
r	%72	%72
s	%73	%73
t	%74	%74
u	%75	%75
v	%76	%76
w	%77	%77
x	%78	%78
y	%79	%79
z	%7A	%7A
{	%7B	%7B
\|	%7C	%7C
}	%7D	%7D
~	%7E	%7E
	%7F	%7F
`	%80	%E2%82%AC
	%81	%81
‚	%82	%E2%80%9A
ƒ	%83	%C6%92
„	%84	%E2%80%9E
…	%85	%E2%80%A6
†	%86	%E2%80%A0
‡	%87	%E2%80%A1
ˆ	%88	%CB%86
‰	%89	%E2%80%B0
Š	%8A	%C5%A0
‹	%8B	%E2%80%B9
Œ	%8C	%C5%92
	%8D	%C5%8D
Ž	%8E	%C5%BD
	%8F	%8F
	%90	%C2%90
‘	%91	%E2%80%98
’	%92	%E2%80%99
“	%93	%E2%80%9C
”	%94	%E2%80%9D
•	%95	%E2%80%A2
–	%96	%E2%80%93
—	%97	%E2%80%94
˜	%98	%CB%9C
™	%99	%E2%84
š	%9A	%C5%A1
›	%9B	%E2%80
œ	%9C	%C5%93
	%9D	%9D
ž	%9E	%C5%BE
Ÿ	%9F	%C5%B8
	%A0	%C2%A0
¡	%A1	%C2%A1
¢	%A2	%C2%A2
£	%A3	%C2%A3
¤	%A4	%C2%A4
¥	%A5	%C2%A5
¦	%A6	%C2%A6
§	%A7	%C2%A7
¨	%A8	%C2%A8
©	%A9	%C2%A9
ª	%AA	%C2%AA
«	%AB	%C2%AB
¬	%AC	%C2%AC
	%AD	%C2%AD
®	%AE	%C2%AE
¯	%AF	%C2%AF
°	%B0	%C2%B0
±	%B1	%C2%B1
²	%B2	%C2%B2
³	%B3	%C2%B3
´	%B4	%C2%B4
µ	%B5	%C2%B5
¶	%B6	%C2%B6
·	%B7	%C2%B7
¸	%B8	%C2%B8
¹	%B9	%C2%B9
º	%BA	%C2%BA
»	%BB	%C2%BB
¼	%BC	%C2%BC
½	%BD	%C2%BD
¾	%BE	%C2%BE
¿	%BF	%C2%BF
À	%C0	%C3%80
Á	%C1	%C3%81
Â	%C2	%C3%82
Ã	%C3	%C3%83
Ä	%C4	%C3%84
Å	%C5	%C3%85
Æ	%C6	%C3%86
Ç	%C7	%C3%87
È	%C8	%C3%88
É	%C9	%C3%89
Ê	%CA	%C3%8A
Ë	%CB	%C3%8B
Ì	%CC	%C3%8C
Í	%CD	%C3%8D
Î	%CE	%C3%8E
Ï	%CF	%C3%8F
Ð	%D0	%C3%90
Ñ	%D1	%C3%91
Ò	%D2	%C3%92
Ó	%D3	%C3%93
Ô	%D4	%C3%94
Õ	%D5	%C3%95
Ö	%D6	%C3%96
×	%D7	%C3%97
Ø	%D8	%C3%98
Ù	%D9	%C3%99
Ú	%DA	%C3%9A
Û	%DB	%C3%9B
Ü	%DC	%C3%9C
Ý	%DD	%C3%9D
Þ	%DE	%C3%9E
ß	%DF	%C3%9F
à	%E0	%C3%A0
á	%E1	%C3%A1
â	%E2	%C3%A2
ã	%E3	%C3%A3
ä	%E4	%C3%A4
å	%E5	%C3%A5
æ	%E6	%C3%A6
ç	%E7	%C3%A7
è	%E8	%C3%A8
é	%E9	%C3%A9
ê	%EA	%C3%AA
ë	%EB	%C3%AB
ì	%EC	%C3%AC
í	%ED	%C3%AD
î	%EE	%C3%AE
ï	%EF	%C3%AF
ð	%F0	%C3%B0
ñ	%F1	%C3%B1
ò	%F2	%C3%B2
ó	%F3	%C3%B3
ô	%F4	%C3%B4
õ	%F5	%C3%B5
ö	%F6	%C3%B6
÷	%F7	%C3%B7
ø	%F8	%C3%B8
ù	%F9	%C3%B9
ú	%FA	%C3%BA
û	%FB	%C3%BB
ü	%FC	%C3%BC
ý	%FD	%C3%BD
þ	%FE	%C3%BE
ÿ	%FF	%C3%BF

URL Encoding Reference

The ASCII control characters %00-%1F were originally designed to control hardware devices.

Control characters have nothing to do inside a URL.

ASCII Character	Description	URL-encoding
NUL	null character	%00
SOH	start of header	%01
STX	start of text	%02
ETX	end of text	%03
EOT	end of transmission	%04
ENQ	enquiry	%05
ACK	acknowledge	%06
BEL	bell (ring)	%07
BS	backspace	%08
HT	horizontal tab	%09
LF	line feed	%0A
VT	vertical tab	%0B
FF	form feed	%0C
CR	carriage return	%0D
SO	shift out	%0E
SI	shift in	%0F
DLE	data link escape	%10
DC1	device control 1	%11
DC2	device control 2	%12
DC3	device control 3	%13
DC4	device control 4	%14
NAK	negative acknowledge	%15
SYN	synchronize	%16
ETB	end transmission block	%17
CAN	cancel	%18
EM	end of medium	%19
SUB	substitute	%1A
ESC	escape	%1B
FS	file separator	%1C
GS	group separator	%1D
RS	record separator	%1E
US	unit separator	%1F

ISO Language Codes

You should always include the lang attribute inside the <html> tag, to declare the language of the Web page. This is meant to assist search engines and browsers:<html lang=”en”>
…
</html>

In XHTML, the language is declared inside the <html> tag as follows:<html xmlns=”http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml” lang=”en” xml:lang=”en”>
…
</html>

ISO 639-1 Language Codes

ISO 639-1 defines abbreviations for languages:

ISO Country Codes

In HTML, country codes can be used as an addition to the language code in the lang attribute.

The first two characters of a language code defines the language of the Web page (See Language Code Reference).

The last two characters define the country.

The following example specifies English as language and United States as country:<html lang=”en-US”>
…
</html>

ISO Country Codes

Country	ISO Code
AFGHANISTAN	AF
ALBANIA	AL
ALGERIA	DZ
AMERICAN SAMOA	AS
ANDORRA	AD
ANGOLA	AO
ANTARCTICA	AQ
ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA	AG
ARGENTINA	AR
ARMENIA	AM
ARUBA	AW
AUSTRALIA	AU
AUSTRIA	AT
AZERBAIJAN	AZ
BAHAMAS	BS
BAHRAIN	BH
BANGLADESH	BD
BARBADOS	BB
BELARUS	BY
BELGIUM	BE
BELIZE	BZ
BENIN	BJ
BERMUDA	BM
BHUTAN	BT
BOLIVIA	BO
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA	BA
BOTSWANA	BW
BOUVET ISLAND	BV
BRAZIL	BR
BRITISH INDIAN OCEAN TERRITORY	IO
BRUNEI DARUSSALAM	BN
BULGARIA	BG
BURKINA FASO	BF
BURUNDI	BI
CAMBODIA	KH
CAMEROON	CM
CANADA	CA
CAPE VERDE	CV
CAYMAN ISLANDS	KY
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC	CF
CHAD	TD
CHILE	CL
CHINA	CN
CHRISTMAS ISLAND	CX
COCOS (KEELING) ISLANDS	CC
COLOMBIA	CO
COMOROS	KM
CONGO	CG
CONGO, THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE	CD
COOK ISLANDS	CK
COSTA RICA	CR
CÔTE D’IVOIRE	CI
CROATIA	HR
CUBA	CU
CYPRUS	CY
CZECH REPUBLIC	CZ
DENMARK	DK
DJIBOUTI	DJ
DOMINICA	DM
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC	DO
ECUADOR	EC
EGYPT	EG
EL SALVADOR	SV
EQUATORIAL GUINEA	GQ
ERITREA	ER
ESTONIA	EE
ETHIOPIA	ET
FALKLAND ISLANDS (MALVINAS)	FK
FAROE ISLANDS	FO
FIJI	FJ
FINLAND	FI
FRANCE	FR
FRENCH GUIANA	GF
FRENCH POLYNESIA	PF
FRENCH SOUTHERN TERRITORIES	TF
GABON	GA
GAMBIA	GM
GEORGIA	GE
GERMANY	DE
GHANA	GH
GIBRALTAR	GI
GREECE	GR
GREENLAND	GL
GRENADA	GD
GUADELOUPE	GP
GUAM	GU
GUATEMALA	GT
GUINEA	GN
GUINEA-BISSAU	GW
GUYANA	GY
HAITI	HT
HEARD ISLAND AND MCDONALD ISLANDS	HM
HONDURAS	HN
HONG KONG	HK
HUNGARY	HU
ICELAND	IS
INDIA	IN
INDONESIA	ID
IRAN, ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF	IR
IRAQ	IQ
IRELAND	IE
ISRAEL	IL
ITALY	IT
JAMAICA	JM
JAPAN	JP
JORDAN	JO
KAZAKHSTAN	KZ
KENYA	KE
KIRIBATI	KI
KOREA, DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF	KP
KOREA, REPUBLIC OF	KR
KUWAIT	KW
KYRGYZSTAN	KG
LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC (LAOS)	LA
LATVIA	LV
LEBANON	LB
LESOTHO	LS
LIBERIA	LR
LIBYA, STATE OF	LY
LIECHTENSTEIN	LI
LITHUANIA	LT
LUXEMBOURG	LU
MACAO	MO
MACEDONIA, THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF	MK
MADAGASCAR	MG
MALAWI	MW
MALAYSIA	MY
MALDIVES	MV
MALI	ML
MALTA	MT
MARSHALL ISLANDS	MH
MARTINIQUE	MQ
MAURITANIA	MR
MAURITIUS	MU
MAYOTTE	YT
MEXICO	MX
MICRONESIA, FEDERATED STATES OF	FM
MOLDOVA, REPUBLIC OF	MD
MONACO	MC
MONGOLIA	MN
MONTENEGRO	ME
MONTSERRAT	MS
MOROCCO	MA
MOZAMBIQUE	MZ
MYANMAR	MM
NAMIBIA	NA
NAURU	NR
NEPAL, FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF	NP
NETHERLANDS	NL
NETHERLANDS ANTILLES	AN
NEW CALEDONIA	NC
NEW ZEALAND	NZ
NICARAGUA	NI
NIGER	NE
NIGERIA	NG
NIUE	NU
NORFOLK ISLAND	NF
NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS	MP
NORWAY	NO
OMAN	OM
PAKISTAN	PK
PALAU	PW
PALESTINE, STATE OF	PS
PANAMA	PA
PAPUA NEW GUINEA	PG
PARAGUAY	PY
PERU	PE
PHILIPPINES	PH
PITCAIRN	PN
POLAND	PL
PORTUGAL	PT
PUERTO RICO	PR
QATAR	QA
RÉUNION	RE
ROMANIA	RO
RUSSIAN FEDERATION	RU
RWANDA	RW
SAINT HELENA	SH
SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS	KN
SAINT LUCIA	LC
SAINT PIERRE AND MIQUELON	PM
SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES	VC
SAMOA	WS
SAN MARINO	SM
SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE	ST
SAUDI ARABIA	SA
SENEGAL	SN
SERBIA	RS
SEYCHELLES	SC
SIERRA LEONE	SL
SINGAPORE	SG
SLOVAKIA	SK
SLOVENIA	SI
SOLOMON ISLANDS	SB
SOMALIA	SO
SOUTH AFRICA	ZA
SOUTH GEORGIA AND THE SOUTH SANDWICH ISLANDS	GS
SOUTH SUDAN	SS
SPAIN	ES
SRI LANKA	LK
SUDAN	SD
SURINAME	SR
SVALBARD AND JAN MAYEN	SJ
SWAZILAND	SZ
SWEDEN	SE
SWITZERLAND	CH
SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC	SY
TAIWAN	TW
TAJIKISTAN	TJ
TANZANIA, UNITED REPUBLIC OF	TZ
THAILAND	TH
TIMOR-LESTE	TL
TOGO	TG
TOKELAU	TK
TONGA	TO
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO	TT
TUNISIA	TN
TURKEY	TR
TURKMENISTAN	TM
TURKS AND CAICOS ISLANDS	TC
TUVALU	TV
UGANDA	UG
UKRAINE	UA
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES	AE
UNITED KINGDOM	GB
UNITED STATES	US
UNITED STATES MINOR OUTLYING ISLANDS	UM
URUGUAY	UY
UZBEKISTAN	UZ
VANUATU	VU
VENEZUELA	VE
VIET NAM	VN
VIRGIN ISLANDS, BRITISH	VG
VIRGIN ISLANDS, U.S.	VI
WALLIS AND FUTUNA	WF
WESTERN SAHARA	EH
YEMEN	YE
ZAMBIA	ZM
ZIMBABWE	ZW

HTML Error Messages

When a browser requests a service from a web server, an error might occur, and the server might return an error code like “404 Not Found”.

It is common to name these errors HTML error messages.

But these messages are something called HTTP status messages. In fact, the server always returns a message for every request. The most common message is 200 OK.

Below is a list of HTTP status messages that might be returned:

1xx: Information

Message:	Description:
100 Continue	The server has received the request headers, and the client should proceed to send the request body
101 Switching Protocols	The requester has asked the server to switch protocols
103 Checkpoint	Used in the resumable requests proposal to resume aborted PUT or POST requests

2xx: Successful

Message:	Description:
200 OK	The request is OK (this is the standard response for successful HTTP requests)
201 Created	The request has been fulfilled, and a new resource is created
202 Accepted	The request has been accepted for processing, but the processing has not been completed
203 Non-Authoritative Information	The request has been successfully processed, but is returning information that may be from another source
204 No Content	The request has been successfully processed, but is not returning any content
205 Reset Content	The request has been successfully processed, but is not returning any content, and requires that the requester reset the document view
206 Partial Content	The server is delivering only part of the resource due to a range header sent by the client

3xx: Redirection

Message:	Description:
300 Multiple Choices	A link list. The user can select a link and go to that location. Maximum five addresses
301 Moved Permanently	The requested page has moved to a new URL
302 Found	The requested page has moved temporarily to a new URL
303 See Other	The requested page can be found under a different URL
304 Not Modified	Indicates the requested page has not been modified since last requested
306 Switch Proxy	No longer used
307 Temporary Redirect	The requested page has moved temporarily to a new URL
308 Resume Incomplete	Used in the resumable requests proposal to resume aborted PUT or POST requests

4xx: Client Error

Message:	Description:
400 Bad Request	The request cannot be fulfilled due to bad syntax
401 Unauthorized	The request was a legal request, but the server is refusing to respond to it. For use when authentication is possible but has failed or not yet been provided
402 Payment Required	Reserved for future use
403 Forbidden	The request was a legal request, but the server is refusing to respond to it
404 Not Found	The requested page could not be found but may be available again in the future
405 Method Not Allowed	A request was made of a page using a request method not supported by that page
406 Not Acceptable	The server can only generate a response that is not accepted by the client
407 Proxy Authentication Required	The client must first authenticate itself with the proxy
408 Request Timeout	The server timed out waiting for the request
409 Conflict	The request could not be completed because of a conflict in the request
410 Gone	The requested page is no longer available
411 Length Required	The “Content-Length” is not defined. The server will not accept the request without it
412 Precondition Failed	The precondition given in the request evaluated to false by the server
413 Request Entity Too Large	The server will not accept the request, because the request entity is too large
414 Request-URI Too Long	The server will not accept the request, because the URL is too long. Occurs when you convert a POST request to a GET request with a long query information
415 Unsupported Media Type	The server will not accept the request, because the media type is not supported
416 Requested Range Not Satisfiable	The client has asked for a portion of the file, but the server cannot supply that portion
417 Expectation Failed	The server cannot meet the requirements of the Expect request-header field

5xx: Server Error

Message:	Description:
500 Internal Server Error	A generic error message, given when no more specific message is suitable
501 Not Implemented	The server either does not recognize the request method, or it lacks the ability to fulfill the request
502 Bad Gateway	The server was acting as a gateway or proxy and received an invalid response from the upstream server
503 Service Unavailable	The server is currently unavailable (overloaded or down)
504 Gateway Timeout	The server was acting as a gateway or proxy and did not receive a timely response from the upstream server
505 HTTP Version Not Supported	The server does not support the HTTP protocol version used in the request
511 Network Authentication Required	The client needs to authenticate to gain network access

HTML Error Messages

When a browser requests a service from a web server, an error might occur, and the server might return an error code like “404 Not Found”.

It is common to name these errors HTML error messages.

But these messages are something called HTTP status messages. In fact, the server always returns a message for every request. The most common message is 200 OK.

Below is a list of HTTP status messages that might be returned:

1xx: Information

Message:	Description:
100 Continue	The server has received the request headers, and the client should proceed to send the request body
101 Switching Protocols	The requester has asked the server to switch protocols
103 Checkpoint	Used in the resumable requests proposal to resume aborted PUT or POST requests

2xx: Successful

Message:	Description:
200 OK	The request is OK (this is the standard response for successful HTTP requests)
201 Created	The request has been fulfilled, and a new resource is created
202 Accepted	The request has been accepted for processing, but the processing has not been completed
203 Non-Authoritative Information	The request has been successfully processed, but is returning information that may be from another source
204 No Content	The request has been successfully processed, but is not returning any content
205 Reset Content	The request has been successfully processed, but is not returning any content, and requires that the requester reset the document view
206 Partial Content	The server is delivering only part of the resource due to a range header sent by the client

3xx: Redirection

Message:	Description:
300 Multiple Choices	A link list. The user can select a link and go to that location. Maximum five addresses
301 Moved Permanently	The requested page has moved to a new URL
302 Found	The requested page has moved temporarily to a new URL
303 See Other	The requested page can be found under a different URL
304 Not Modified	Indicates the requested page has not been modified since last requested
306 Switch Proxy	No longer used
307 Temporary Redirect	The requested page has moved temporarily to a new URL
308 Resume Incomplete	Used in the resumable requests proposal to resume aborted PUT or POST requests

4xx: Client Error

Message:	Description:
400 Bad Request	The request cannot be fulfilled due to bad syntax
401 Unauthorized	The request was a legal request, but the server is refusing to respond to it. For use when authentication is possible but has failed or not yet been provided
402 Payment Required	Reserved for future use
403 Forbidden	The request was a legal request, but the server is refusing to respond to it
404 Not Found	The requested page could not be found but may be available again in the future
405 Method Not Allowed	A request was made of a page using a request method not supported by that page
406 Not Acceptable	The server can only generate a response that is not accepted by the client
407 Proxy Authentication Required	The client must first authenticate itself with the proxy
408 Request Timeout	The server timed out waiting for the request
409 Conflict	The request could not be completed because of a conflict in the request
410 Gone	The requested page is no longer available
411 Length Required	The “Content-Length” is not defined. The server will not accept the request without it
412 Precondition Failed	The precondition given in the request evaluated to false by the server
413 Request Entity Too Large	The server will not accept the request, because the request entity is too large
414 Request-URI Too Long	The server will not accept the request, because the URL is too long. Occurs when you convert a POST request to a GET request with a long query information
415 Unsupported Media Type	The server will not accept the request, because the media type is not supported
416 Requested Range Not Satisfiable	The client has asked for a portion of the file, but the server cannot supply that portion
417 Expectation Failed	The server cannot meet the requirements of the Expect request-header field

5xx: Server Error

Message:	Description:
500 Internal Server Error	A generic error message, given when no more specific message is suitable
501 Not Implemented	The server either does not recognize the request method, or it lacks the ability to fulfill the request
502 Bad Gateway	The server was acting as a gateway or proxy and received an invalid response from the upstream server
503 Service Unavailable	The server is currently unavailable (overloaded or down)
504 Gateway Timeout	The server was acting as a gateway or proxy and did not receive a timely response from the upstream server
505 HTTP Version Not Supported	The server does not support the HTTP protocol version used in the request
511 Network Authentication Required	The client needs to authenticate to gain network access

Pixel to Em Converter

The tool below allows you to work out the em sizes from pixels (or vice versa).

Set a default pixel size for body (usually 16px)
Then, convert a pixel value to em, based on the default pixel size
Or, convert an em value to pixels, based on the default pixel size

Set a default pixel size: px

Convert PX to EM:
px

Convert EM to PX:
em

Body Font Size

In the table below, select a body font size in pixels (px) to display a complete “px to em and percent” conversion table.

Tip: The default font size is usually 16px.

px	em	percent
5px	0.3125em	31.25%
6px	0.3750em	37.50%
7px	0.4375em	43.75%
8px	0.5000em	50.00%
9px	0.5625em	56.25%
10px	0.6250em	62.50%
11px	0.6875em	68.75%
12px	0.7500em	75.00%
13px	0.8125em	81.25%
14px	0.8750em	87.50%
15px	0.9375em	93.75%
16px	1.0000em	100.00%
17px	1.0625em	106.25%
18px	1.1250em	112.50%
19px	1.1875em	118.75%
20px	1.2500em	125.00%
21px	1.3125em	131.25%
22px	1.3750em	137.50%
23px	1.4375em	143.75%
24px	1.5000em	150.00%
25px	1.5625em	156.25%

What is the difference between PX, EM and Percent?

Pixel is a static measurement, while percent and EM are relative measurements. The size of an EM or percent depends on its parent. If the text size of body is 16 pixels, then 150% or 1.5 EM will be 24 pixels (1.5 * 16). Look at CSS Units for more measurement units.

Keyboard Shortcuts For Windows and Mac

Keyboard shortcuts are often used in modern operating systems and computer software programs.

Learning and using keyboard shortcuts can save you a lot of time.

Basic Shortcuts

Description	Windows	Mac OS
Edit menu	Alt + E	Ctrl + F2 + F
File menu	Alt + F	Ctrl + F2 + E
View menu	Alt + V	Ctrl + F2 + V
Select all text	Ctrl + A	Cmd + A
Copy text	Ctrl + C	Cmd + C
Find text	Ctrl + F	Cmd + F
Find and replace text	Ctrl + H	Cmd + F
New Document	Ctrl + N	Cmd + N
Open a file	Ctrl + O	Cmd + O
Print options	Ctrl + P	Cmd + P
Save file	Ctrl + S	Cmd + S
Paste text	Ctrl + V	Cmd + V
Cut text	Ctrl + X	Cmd + X
Redo text	Ctrl + Y	Shift + Cmd + Z
Undo text	Ctrl + Z	Cmd + Z

Text Editing

Description	Windows	Mac OS
Cursor Movement
Go to the right or to the beginning of next line break	Right Arrow	Right Arrow
Go to the left or to the end of previous line break	Left Arrow	Left Arrow
Go up one row	Up Arrow	Up Arrow
Go down one row	Down Arrow	Down Arrow
Go to the beginning of the current line	Home	Cmd + Left Arrow
Go to the end of the current line	End	Cmd + Right Arrow
Go to the beginning of the document	Ctrl + Home	Cmd + Up Arrow
Go to the end of the document	Ctrl + End	Cmd + Down Arrow
Move up one frame	Page Up	Fn + Up Arrow
Move down one frame	Page Down	Fn + Down Arrow
Go to beginning of previous word	Ctrl + Left Arrow	Option + Left Arrow
Go to beginning of next word	Ctrl + Right Arrow	Option + Right Arrow
Go to beginning of line break	Ctrl + Up Arrow	Cmd + Left Arrow
Go to end of line break	Ctrl + Down Arrow	Cmd + Right Arrow

Text Selection
Select characters to the left	Shift + Left Arrow	Shift + Left Arrow
Select characters to the right	Shift + Right Arrow	Shift + Right Arrow
Select lines upwards	Shift + Up Arrow	Shift + Up Arrow
Select lines downwards	Shift + Down Arrow	Shift + Down Arrow
Select words to the left	Shift + Ctrl + Left	Shift + Opt + Left
Select words to the right	Shift + Ctrl + Right	Shift + Opt + Right
Select paragraphs to the left	Shift + Ctrl + Up	Shift + Opt + Up
Select paragraphs to the right	Shift + Ctrl + Down	Shift + Opt + Down
Select text between the cursor and the beginning of the current line	Shift + Home	Cmd + Shift + Left Arrow
Select text between the cursor and the end of the current line	Shift + End	Cmd + Shift + Right Arrow
Select text between the cursor and the beginning of the document	Shift + Ctrl + Home	Cmd + Shift + Up Arrow or Cmd + Shift + Fn + Left Arrow
Select text between the cursor and the end of the document	Shift + Ctrl + End	Cmd + Shift + Down Arrow or Cmd + Shift + Fn + Right Arrow
Select one frame at a time of text above the cursor	Shift + Page Up	Shift + Fn + Up Arrow
Select one frame at a time of text below the cursor	Shift + Page Down	Shift + Fn + Down Arrow
Select all text	Ctrl + A	Cmd + A
Find text	Ctrl + F	Cmd + F

Text Formatting
Make selected text bold	Ctrl + B	Cmd + B
Make selected text italic	Ctrl + I	Cmd + I
Underline selected text	Ctrl + U	Cmd + U
Make selected text superscript	Ctrl + Shift + =	Cmd + Shift + =
Make selected text subscript	Ctrl + =	Cmd + =

Text Editing
Delete characters to the left	Backspace	Backspace
Delete characters to the right	Delete	Fn + Backspace
Delete words to the right	Ctrl + Del	Cmd + Backspace
Delete words to the left	Ctrl + Backspace	Cmd + Fn + Backspace
Indent	Tab	Tab
Outdent	Shift + Tab	Shift + Tab
Copy text	Ctrl + C	Cmd + C
Find and replace text	Ctrl + H	Cmd + F
Paste text	Ctrl + V	Cmd + V
Cut text	Ctrl + X	Cmd + X
Redo text	Ctrl + Y	Shift + Cmd + Z
Undo text	Ctrl + Z	Cmd + Z

Web Browsers

Description	Windows	Mac OS
Navigation
Scroll down a frame	Space or Page Down	Space or Fn + Down Arrow
Scroll up a frame	Shift + Space or Page Up	Shift + Space or Fn + Up Arrow
Go to bottom of the page	End	Cmd + Down Arrow
Go to top of the page	Home	Cmd + Up Arrow
Go back	Alt + Left Arrow or Backspace	Cmd + Left Arrow
Go forward	Alt + Right Arrow or Shift + Backspace	Cmd + Right Arrow
Refresh a webpage	F5	Cmd + R
Refresh a webpage (no cache)	Ctrl + F5	Cmd + Shift + R
Stop	Esc	Esc
Toggle full-screen	F11	Cmd + Shift + F
Zoom in	Ctrl + +	Cmd + +
Zoom out	Ctrl + –	Cmd + –
Zoom 100% (default)	Ctrl + 0	Cmd + 0
Open homepage	Alt + Home	Option + Home or Option + Fn + Left Arrow
Find text	Ctrl + F	Cmd + F

Tab / Window Management
Open a new tab	Ctrl + T	Cmd + T
Close current tab	Ctrl + W	Cmd + W
Close all tabs	Ctrl + Shift + W	Cmd + Q
Close all tabs except the current tab	Ctrl + Alt + F4	Cmd + Opt + W
Go to next tab	Ctrl + Tab	Control + Tab or Cmd + Shift + Right Arrow
Go to previous tab	Ctrl + Shift + Tab	Shift + Control + Tab or Cmd + Shift + Left Arrow
Go to a specific tab number	Ctrl + 1-8	Cmd + 1-8
Go to the last tab	Ctrl + 9	Cmd + 9
Reopen the last closed tab	Ctrl + Shift + T	Cmd + Shift + T
Open a new window	Ctrl + N	Cmd + N
Close current window	Alt + F4	Cmd + W
Go to next window	Alt + Tab	Cmd + Tab
Go to previous window	Alt + Shift + Tab	Cmd + Shift + Tab
Reopen the last closed window	Ctrl + Shift + N
Open links in a new tab in the background	Ctrl + Click	Cmd + Click
Open links in a new tab in the foreground	Ctrl + Shift + Click	Cmd + Shift + Click
Print current webpage	Ctrl + P	Cmd + P
Save current webpage	Ctrl + S	Cmd + S

Address Bar
Cycle between toolbar, search bar, and page elements	Tab	Tab
Go to browser’s address bar	Ctrl + L or Alt + D	Cmd + L
Focus and select the browser’s search bar	Ctrl + E	Cmd + E / Cmd + K
Open the address bar location in a new tab	Alt + Enter	Opt + Enter
Display a list of previously typed addresses	F4
Add “www.” to the beginning and “.com” to the end of the text typed in the address bar (e.g., type “w3schools” and press Ctrl + Enter to open “www.w3schools.com”)	Ctrl + Enter	Cmd + Enter or Control + Enter

Bookmarks
Open the bookmarks menu	Ctrl + B	Cmd + B
Add bookmark for current page	Ctrl + D	Cmd + Opt + B or Cmd + Shift + B
Open browsing history	Ctrl + H	Cmd + Shift + H or Cmd + Y
Open download history	Ctrl + J	Cmd + J or Cmd + Shift + J

Screenshots

Description	Windows	Mac OS
Save screenshot of the whole screen as file		Cmd + Shift + 3
Copy screenshot of the whole screen to the clipboard	PrtScr (Print Screen) or Ctrl + PrtScr	Cmd + Ctrl + Shift + 3
Save screenshot of window as file		Cmd + Shift + 4, then Space
Copy screenshot of window to the clipboard	Alt + PrtScr	Cmd + Ctrl + Shift + 4, then Space
Copy screenshot of wanted area to the clipboard		Cmd + Ctrl + Shift + 4
Save screenshot of wanted area as file		Cmd + Shift + 4

Post Views: 475

Basic HTML

Formatting

Forms and Input

Frames

Images

Audio / Video

Links

Lists

Tables

Styles and Semantics

Meta Info

Programming

HTML Reference With Browser Support

HTML Attribute Reference

HTML Global Attributes

Global Event Attributes

Window Event Attributes

Form Events

Keyboard Events

Mouse Events

Drag Events

Clipboard Events

Media Events

Misc Events

Color Names Supported by All Browsers

HTML Canvas Reference

Colors, Styles, and Shadows

Line Styles

Rectangles

Paths

Transformations

Text

Image Drawing

Pixel Manipulation

Compositing

Other

HTML Audio and Video DOM Reference

HTML Audio/Video Methods

HTML Audio/Video Properties

HTML Audio/Video Events

Common HTML Character Sets

The HTML Document Type

Valid HTML Elements in Different DOCTYPES

URL – Uniform Resource Locator

URL Encoding (Percent Encoding)

Try It Yourself

URL Encoding Functions

ASCII Encoding Reference

URL Encoding Reference

ISO Language Codes

ISO 639-1 Language Codes

ISO Country Codes

ISO Country Codes

HTML Error Messages

1xx: Information

2xx: Successful

3xx: Redirection

4xx: Client Error

5xx: Server Error

HTML Error Messages

1xx: Information

2xx: Successful

3xx: Redirection

4xx: Client Error

5xx: Server Error

Pixel to Em Converter

Body Font Size

Keyboard Shortcuts For Windows and Mac

Basic Shortcuts

Text Editing

Web Browsers

Screenshots

Related Posts

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